Austin ( US: Ã, ( listen ) ) is the capital of the state of Texas in the US and the center of Travis County, with a portion that extends to Hays and Williamson County. It is the 11th largest city in the United States and the 4th most populous city in Texas. It is the fastest growing city in the United States, the capital of the second most populous state after Phoenix, Arizona, and the southernmost state capital in 48 adjacent states. As the Census Bureau estimates July 1, 2017, Austin has a population of 950,715, up from 790,491 in the 2010 census. Located in the greater Texas Hill Country in Central Texas, this city is home to many lakes, rivers, and waters, including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic hub of the metropolitan area of ​​Austin-Round Rock , which has a population of about 2,056,405 on July 1, 2016.
In the 1830s, the pioneers began to settle in the central Austin area along the Colorado River. In 1839, the site was chosen to replace Houston as the capital of the Republic of Texas and was established under the name "Waterloo". Shortly afterwards, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, "Mr. Texas" and the first state minister of the republic. The city grew throughout the 19th century and became the center of government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a pause in the growth of the Great Depression, Austin continued its development into a major city, and in the 1980s it emerged as a center of technology and business. Fortune 500 companies have their headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon.com, Apple Inc., Cisco, eBay, General Motors, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, PayPal, Texas Instruments, 3M and Whole Foods Market. Dell headquarters around the world is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin.
Austin residents are known as Austin people. They include a diverse mix of government officials, students, musicians, high-tech workers, and blue-collar workers. The city's official slogan promotes Austin as "The Live Music Capital of the World", a reference to many city musicians and live music venues, as well as the long-running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits. The city also adopted "Silicon Hills" as a nickname in the 1990s due to the rapid influx of technology and development companies. In recent years, some Austin people have adopted the unofficial slogan "Keep Austin Weird", which refers to the desire to protect small, unique, and local businesses from those held by large corporations. At the end of the 19th century, Austin was known as the "City of the Violet Crown", because of the colorful light of light passing through the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term "Violet Crown" in their name. Austin is known as the "clean air city" for strictly prohibited smoking measures that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars.
US. News & amp; World Report named # 1 place to live in the US for 2017 and 2018. In 2016,
Video Austin, Texas
Histori
Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been human dwellings since at least 9200 BC. The earliest known inhabitants of the area lived during the late Pleistocene (Ice Age) and associated with Clovis culture around 9200 BC (11,200 years ago), based on evidence found throughout the area and documented on the much studied Gault Site, among Georgetown and Fort Hood.
When the migrants arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area. The Comanches and Lipan Apache are also known to travel through the area. The Spanish invaders, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, although some permanent settlements were created for some time. In 1730, three missions from East Texas were merged and rebuilt as a mission on the southern side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in this area only about seven months, and then moved to San Antonio de BÃ © Å © xar and divided into three missions.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Spanish fortresses were erected in what is now Bastrop and San Marcos. After Mexico's independence, new settlements were established in Central Texas, but growth in the region was stagnant due to conflict with Native Americans.
In 1835-1836, the Texans fought and won independence from Mexico. Texas became an independent state with its president, congress, and monetary system. After Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838, he proposed that the republican capital, later in Houston, be moved to an area located on the northern edge of the Colorado River (near present-day Congress Bridge Avenue). In 1839, the Texas Congress established a commission to find a place for a new capital city to be named Stephen F. Austin. Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the newly formed Republic of Texas, advised the commissioners to investigate an area called Waterloo, paying attention to the hills, waterways, and pleasant surroundings of the area. Waterloo was chosen, and "Austin" was chosen as the city's new name. The location was seen as a convenient crossroads for the trade route between Santa Fe and Galveston Bay, as well as the route between northern Mexico and the Red River.
Edwin Waller was chosen by Lamar to survey the village and plan to build a new capital. The original site was narrowed down to 640 acres (260 hectares) overlooking the Colorado River between two tributaries, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, later named in his honor. The 14-block grid plan is divided by the vast north-south freeway, Congress Avenue, running from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Building will be built. A one-story building is temporarily erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th Streets. On August 1, 1839, the first auction of 217 out of 306 total lots was held. Waller's grid plan designed and surveyed is now the basis of downtown Austin.
In 1840, a series of conflicts between Texas Rangers and Comanches, known as House Fight and Battle of Plum Creek, pushed Comanches westward, largely ending the conflict in Central Texas. Settlements in this area began to grow rapidly. Travis County was founded in 1840, and the surrounding district was largely established within the next two decades.
Initially, new capital is growing rapidly. But Lamar's political enemy, Sam Houston, used two Mexican invaders to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government. Sam Houston battled bitterly against Lamar's decision to establish a capital in such a remote desert. Men and women who travel mainly from Houston to do government business are also very disappointed. By 1840, the population had risen to 856, of whom nearly half fled from Austin when Congress was inaugurated. The African American population registered in January of the same year was 176. The fear of Austin's closeness to the Indians and Mexicans, who still regarded Texas as part of their land, created a great motive for Sam Houston, the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, to relocate the capital once again in 1841. After the threat of Mexican troops in Texas, Houston stormed the Land Office to transfer all official documents to Houston to be kept secure in what came to be known as the Archive War, but the Austin guys would not allow this unaccompanied decision to be executed. The documents remain, but the temporary capital will move from Austin to Houston to Washington-on-the-Brazos. Without government agencies, the Austin population declined to a low of just a few hundred people throughout the early 1840s. The vote by the fourth President of the Republic, Anson Jones, and Congress, who reunited in Austin in 1845, resolved this issue to keep Austin as the center of government, and annexed the Republic of Texas to the United States.
In 1860, 38% of Travis County's inhabitants were slaves. In 1861, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, voters in Austin and other Central Texas communities opposed secession. However, as the war progressed and fears of attacks by Union forces increased, Austin contributed hundreds of people to the Confederate forces. The African-American population of Austin swelled dramatically after the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas by Union General Gordon Granger in Galveston, in an event commemorated as Juneteenth. Black communities like Wheatville, Pleasant Hill and Clarksville were founded, with Clarksville being the oldest surviving freedom city - a post-Civil settlement founded by former African-American slaves - west of the Mississippi River. In 1870, blacks made up 36.5% of Austin's population.
The postwar period shows dramatic populations and economic growth. The opening of Houston and Texas Central Railway (H & TC) in 1871 transformed Austin into a major trading center for the region, with the ability to transport cotton and livestock. The Missouri, Kansas & amp; The Texas line (MKT) trailed behind. Austin is also the southernmost tip of the Chisholm Line, and "drovers" push the cattle north to the railroad. Cotton is one of the few locally produced crops for export, and the cotton milling machine is located in the city center near the train for "cotton feeders" of the seeds and turns the product into bales for delivery. However, when new railroads were built throughout the area in the 1870s, Austin began losing its virtues in trade to surrounding communities. In addition, the eastern region of Austin took over the production of cattle and cotton from Austin, especially in cities like Hutto and Taylor sitting on a blackland prairie, with its deep soil, rich for producing cotton and straw.
In September 1881, public schools in Austin held their first class. That same year, the Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute (now part of Huston-Tillotson University) opened its doors. The University of Texas held its first class in 1883, although the class had been held at the original State House of Representatives for four years previously.
During the 1880s, Austin gained a new edge as the state parliament building was completed in 1888 and claimed to be the seventh largest building in the world. At the end of the 19th century, Austin expanded its city limits to more than three previous areas, and the first granite dam was built on the Colorado River to power the new street car lanes and new "moon towers". Unfortunately, the first dam was washed away in a flood on 7 April 1900.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Austin launched a series of community development and beauty projects that created much of the city's infrastructure and many parks. In addition, the state legislature established the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) which, together with the city of Austin, created a dam system along the Colorado River to form the Lake of the Highlands. These projects are activated in large part because the Public Works Administration provides Austin with more funds for municipal construction projects than any other Texas city.
During the early 20th century, a three-way system of social segregation emerged in Austin, with Anglos, African Americans and Mexicans separated by custom or law in most aspects of life, including housing, health care, and education. Many of the city improvement programs that started during this period - such as the construction of new roads, schools, and hospitals - are designed to institutionalize this sorting system. Obedient restrictions also play an important role in housing segregation. After 1935, most of the housing deeds forbade African Americans (and sometimes other non-whites) using the land. Combined with a separate public service system, racial segregation increased in Austin during the first half of the twentieth century, with African Americans and Mexicans experiencing high levels of discrimination and social marginalization.
In 1940, the destroyed granite dam in the Colorado River was eventually replaced by a hollow concrete dam that formed Lake McDonald (now called Lake Austin) and which has survived from all the floods ever since. In addition, the much larger Mansfield Dam was built by LCRA in the upper reaches of Austin to form Lake Travis, the reservoir of flood control. At the beginning of the 20th century, Texas Oil Boom grabbed, creating tremendous economic opportunities in Southeast Texas and North Texas. The growth generated by this explosion was largely missed by Austin initially, with the city slipping from the fourth largest to the 10 largest in Texas between 1880 and 1920.
After the mid-20th century, Austin became one of the major metropolitan centers in Texas. In 1970, the US Census Bureau reported the Austin population as 14.5% Hispanic, 11.9% black, and 73.4% non-Hispanic whites. At the end of the 20th century, Austin emerged as an important high-tech center for semiconductors and software. The University of Texas at Austin emerged as the premier university.
The 1970s saw Austin appear on national music scene, with local artists like Willie Nelson, Asleep at the Wheel, and Stevie Ray Vaughan and iconic music venues like Armadillo World Headquarters. Over time, the long-running television program Austin City Limits, the namesake of the Austin City Limits Festival, and South by Southwest music festival compact the city's venue in the music industry.
Maps Austin, Texas
Geography
Austin, the southernmost state capital of 48 contiguous states, is located in Central Texas. Austin is 160 miles (260 km) northwest of Houston, 195 miles (310 km) south of Dallas and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of San Antonio.
In 2010, the city occupies an area of ​​305.4 square miles (791.1 km 2 ). About 7.2 square miles (18.6 km 2 ) of this area is water.
Austin is located at the foot of the Escarpment Balcones, on the Colorado River, with three artificial lakes within the city limits: Lady Bird Lake (formerly known as Lake City), Lake Austin (both created by a dam along the Colorado River), and Lake Walter E. Long partly used to cool water for Decker Power Plant. Dam Mansfield and Lake Travis foot are located within the city limits. Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Travis are each on the Colorado River.
Austin's altitude varies from 425 feet (130 m) to about 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level. As a result of the Balcones shock, much of the eastern part of the city is flat, with heavy clay and clay, while the western and western sides comprise hills on the edge of Texas Hill Country. Because of the hills in the west especially limestone with a thin layer of topsoil, parts of the city often experience flash floods from the runoff caused by the storm. To help control this runoff and to generate hydroelectric power, the Lower Colorado River Authority operates a series of dams that make up the Lake of the Highlands of Texas. The lake also provides a place for boating, swimming, and other recreational forms in some lakeside parks.
Austin is located at the junction of four major ecological areas, and consequently is a moderate to warm green oasis with a highly variable climate that has some desert characteristics, tropical regions, and a wetter climate. The area is ecologically and biologically diverse, and is home to many animals and plants. In particular, this area is home to many types of wildflowers that bloom throughout the year but especially in the spring, including popular bluebonnets, some planted in an effort by "Lady Bird" Johnson, wife of former President Lyndon B. Johnson.
The famous popular point in Austin is Mount Bonnell. Approximately 780 feet (238 m) above sea level, it is a natural limestone formation overlooking Lake Austin on the Colorado River, with an observation deck at its peak.
Grounds in Austin range from shallow clay clay and gravel on limestone on the western edge to deep and fine sandy clay, mud clay clay, muddy clay soil or clay in the eastern part of the city. Some clays have expanding properties and are difficult to work under most moisture conditions. Much of Austin's land, especially the rich clay type, is slightly to moderate base and has free calcium carbonate.
Austin has several rock climbing locations. Rock climbing can be found in three Austin parks: Barton Creek Greenbelt, Bull Creek Park, and McKinney Falls State Park. The sporting climb route at Barton Creek Greenbelt - with its many vertical challenges protruding to the wall offers a challenge for beginners and advanced climbers.
Cityscape
Austin's skyline is historically modest, dominated by the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas Main Building. However, many new high-rise towers have been built since 2000 - the top ten buildings in Austin finished after 2003. The tallest building in the city, The Austonian, closed on September 17, 2009. Austin is currently experiencing a boom in skyscrapers, which include construction recently at the now fully equipped 360 Condominiums at an altitude of 563 feet (172 m), Spring (condominium), Austonian at 683 feet (208 m), and several office buildings, hotels and other housing. The buildings in the city center are rather scattered, in part because of a set of zoning constraints that retain the views of the Texas State Capitol from various locations around Austin, known as the Capitol View Corridors.
At night, the Austin section is illuminated by Moonlight Towers "moonlit lights" built to illuminate the central part of the city. The 165-foot-tall moon tower (50 m) was built in the late 19th century and is now recognized as a historic building. Only 15 of 31 original innovative towers remain standing in Austin, and nothing is left in any of the other cities where they are installed. The tower was featured in the 1993 film Dazed and Confused.
City Center
Austin's central business district is home to the highest condominium tower in the state, with Independent (58 floors and 690 feet (210 meters) high) and The Austonian (topping out on floors 56 and 685 feet (209 meters) high). The Independent will replace The Austonian as the highest residential building in the US west of the Mississippi River when completed in 2018.
In 2005, Mayor Will Wynn set the goal of having 25,000 people living in Downtown by 2015. Although the growth of Downtown does not meet this goal, the Downtown housing population jumped from about 5,000 in 2005 to 12,000 by 2015. The sky has drastically changed in the last few years, and the residential real estate market remains relatively strong. By December 2016, there are 31 high-rise projects under construction, approved or planned to be completed in downtown Austin between 2017 and 2020. Sixteen of them will rise above 400 feet (120 meters). high, including four above 600 ', and eight above 500'. An additional 15 towers are scheduled to stand between 300 'and 399' tall.
The growth of the city center has been helped by the presence of popular live music and nightlife, museums, restaurants, and Lady Bird Lake, regarded as one of the city's best recreation spots. The 2nd Street District consists of several new housing projects, restaurants, upscale boutiques and other entertainment venues, as well as Austin City Hall. Across 2nd Street from Austin City Hall is the new Live AC @ the Moody Theater where the old PBS program is running Austin City Limits , filmed. It is located at the base of the W 488 ft (146 m) hotel. South by Southwest is a five-day music, film, and interactive festival in March in downtown Austin, and is one of the largest music festivals in the world; with over 3,000 action plays in over 100 places.
Climate
Austin is located in the midst of a unique and narrow transition zone between the dry deserts of the American Southwest and the lush, green, moist regions of Southeast America. The characteristics of climate, topography, and vegetation have both. Officially, Austin has a humid subtropical climate under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification. This climate is characterized by a very long, hot summer; short, mild winters; and a warm intermediate season in between. Austin averages 34.32 inches (872 mm) of annual rainfall and is distributed almost evenly throughout the year, though spring and autumn are the wettest seasons. Sunlight is abundant throughout the season, with 2,650 hours, or 60.3% of total bright sunlight per year.
Summer in Austin is very hot, and average July and August highs often reach high-90s (34-36  ° C) or above. The highest reaches 90Ã,  ° F (32Ã,  ° C) at 116 days per year, of which 18 days reaches 100Ã,  ° F (38Ã,  ° C). On average, daytime highs are 70 ° F (21 ° C) or warmer every day between March 6 and November 20, rising to 80 ° F (27 ° C) or warmer between April 14 and October 24th. the highest temperature ever recorded is 112Ã, ° F (44Ã,  ° C) occurring on September 5, 2000, and August 28, 2011. The unconventional characteristics of the Austin climate are its highly variable humidity, the fluctuations often depend on the air shifting pattern. flow and wind direction. It is common for a long series of warm, dry, and low humid days to be occasionally distracted by very warm and humid days, and vice versa. Humidity increases as air drifts into the mainland from the Gulf of Mexico, but decreases significantly when air is channeled through the Chihuahuan Desert in West Texas.
Winter in Austin is cool with a cool night. January is the coolest month with an average daytime high of 61Ã,  ° F (16Ã,  ° C). The low overnight reaches or exceeds freezing 19 times per year, and sinks below 45Ã, ° F (7Ã,  ° C) for 88 nights per year, including most nights between mid-December and mid-February. Lows in the upper 30's also often occur during winter. In contrast, the winter months are also sometimes able to produce a warm day. On average, eight days in January reached or exceeded 70 ° F (21 ° C) and one day reached 80 ° F (27 ° C). The lowest temperature ever recorded in the city was -2  ° F (-19  ° C) on January 31, 1949. About every two years Austin experienced an ice storm that froze the road and paralyzed the city's journey for 24 to 48 hours. When Austin received 0.04 inch (1 mm) of ice on January 24, 2014, there were 278 car crashes. Similarly, snowfall is rare in Austin. The incident of snow was 0.9 inches (2 cm) on February 4, 2011, causing more than 300 car accidents and a 13 inch (33 cm) snowstorm which caused the city to collapse in 1985. The latest major snowfall occurred on December 7, 2017, when 1.3 inches was recorded at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport.
Typical of Central Texas, bad weather in Austin is a threat that can strike during any season. However, this is most common during spring. According to most classifications, Austin is located in the extreme southern suburb of Tornado Alley, although many sources put Austin outside of Tornado Alley altogether. As a result, tornadoes attacked Austin less frequently than areas further north. However, bad weather and/or peterol storms can occur many times per year, bringing destructive winds, lightning, heavy rain, and sometimes flash floods into the city. The deadliest storm ever to strike the city limits was the May twin tornado storm of May 4, 1922, while the deadly tornado outbreak that once struck the metro area was the Central Texas tornado epidemic on May 27, 1997.
Kekeringan 2011
From October 2010 to September 2011, the two main reporting stations in Austin, Camp Mabry and Bergstrom Int'l, had the lowest recorded rainfall in a year, receiving less than a third of normal rainfall. This is the result of La Nià ± a condition in the eastern Pacific Ocean where the water is significantly cooler than usual. David Brown, a regional official with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has explained that "this type of drought will have an even more extreme effect in the future, given the regional warming and draining climate."
Demographics
According to the 2010 US Census, the composition of the Austin race is:
- White: 68.3% (Non-Hispanic White Skin: 48.7%)
- Hispanic or Latino: 35.1% (29.1% Mexico, 0.5% Puerto Rico, 0.4% Cuban, 5.1% Others)
- African Americans: 8.1%
- Asia: 6.3% (1.9% India, 1.5% China, 1.0% Vietnam, 0.7% Korea, 0.3% Philippines, 0.2% Japan, 0.8% More)
- American Indians: 0.9%
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
- Two or More Races: 3.4%
In the 2000 US Census, there were 656,562 people, 265,649 households, and 141,590 families living in the city (roughly equivalent to the size of San Francisco, Leeds, England and Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). Population density was 2,610.4 souls per square mile (1,007.9/km 2 ). There are 276,842 housing units with an average density of 1,100.7 square miles (425.0/km 2 ). There were 265,648 households where 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had non-husbands female households, and 46.7% were not family. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.6% had someone living alone aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population is spread by 22.5% under the age of 18, 16.6% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% years or more. The average age is 30 years. For every 100 females, there are 105.8 males.
The average income for households in the city is US $ 42,689, and the average income for families is $ 54,091. Men have an average income of $ 35,545 vs $ 30,046 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 24,163. About 9.1% of families and 14.4% of the population are below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under the age of 18 and 8.7% of those aged 65 and older. The average house price is $ 185,906 in 2009, and has increased every year since 2004. The median value of a home in which the owner occupies it $ 227,800 in 2014, which is higher than the average American home value of $ 175,700. [Census]
The University of Texas Research 2014 states that Austin is the only city in the US with a rapid growth rate between 2000 and 2010 with net losses in Africa-America. In 2014, the proportion of African-American and Non-Hispanic percentage of the White population of the total population declined even though the absolute number of both ethnic groups increased. The first non-Hispanic White Population of Austin fell below 50% in 2005. The rapid growth of Hispanic and Asian populations has outpaced all other ethnic groups in the city.
According to a survey completed in 2014, it is estimated that 5.3% of people in the Austin Metropolitan area identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender. The metropolitan Austin area has the third highest rate in the country.
Economy
The larger metropolitan area of ​​Austin's statistics has a Gross Domestic Product of $ 86 billion in 2010. Austin is considered a major center for high technology. Thousands of graduates each year from the engineering and computer science programs at the University of Texas at Austin provide a source of permanent employees who help to drive Austin's technology and defense industry sectors. Rapid growth in the region has caused Forbes to rank Austin's largest metropolitan area among all major cities for jobs for 2012 in their annual survey and WSJ Marketwatch to rank the number one area for emerging businesses. In 2013, Austin ranked No. 1. 14 on Forbes' list of Best Places for Business and Careers (directly below Dallas, No. 13 in the list). As a result of the high concentrations of high-tech companies in the region, Austin was severely affected by the dot-com outburst in the late 1990s and subsequently bust. Austin's largest entrepreneurs include Austin Independent School District, Austin City, Dell, US Federal Government, NXP Semiconductors, IBM, St David's Health Partnerships, Seton Family of Hospitals, Texas State, Texas State University, and University of Texas at Austin.
Other high-tech companies operating in Austin include 3M, Apple, Amazon, AMD, Apartment Rankings, Applied Materials, ARM Holdings, Bigcommerce, BioWare, Blizzard Entertainment, Buffalo Technology, Cirrus Logic, Cisco Systems, Dropbox, eBay, PayPal, Electronic Arts , Flextronics, Facebook, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Hoover, HomeAway, Hostgator, Intel Corporation, National Instruments, Nvidia, Oracle, Polycom, Qualcomm, Inc., Rackspace, RetailMeNot, Rooster Teeth, Samsung Group, Silicon Laboratories, Spansion, United Devices, and Xerox. In 2010, Facebook received a grant to build a downtown office that could bring as many as 200 jobs to the city. The proliferation of technology companies has led to the nickname of the region, "Silicon Hills", and spur the development of greatly expanded cities.
Austin has also emerged as a center for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; the city is home to about 85 of them. The city is classified by the Milken Institute as the No.1 biotech and center of life sciences in the United States. Companies such as Hospira, Pharmaceutical Products Development, and ArthroCare Corporation are located there.
Whole Foods Market (often called simply "Whole Foods") is an international high-end grocery store that specializes in fresh and packaged food products - many with organic/local-/"natural" themes. The company was founded and headquartered in Austin.
Other Austin-based companies include Freescale Semiconductor, GoodPop, Temple-Inland, Sweet Leaf Tea Company, Keller Williams Realty, National Western Life, GSD & amp; M, Dimension Fund Advisor, Golfsmith, Forestar Group, EZCorp, Tito's Vodka and YETI.
In addition to national and global companies, Austin has a network of independent, unique, and locally owned companies and organizations.
Art and culture
"Keep Austin Weird" has been a local motto for many years, featured on bumper stickers and T-shirts. This motto is not only used in promoting Austin's eccentricity and diversity, but is also intended to support local independent businesses. According to the 2010 book, Weird City , this phrase was started by a local Austin Community College librarian, Red Wassenich, and his wife, Karen Pavelka, who are concerned about "the rapid decline in commercialism and backwardness." "The slogan has been interpreted many ways from the beginning, but it remains an important symbol for many Austin people who want to voice concerns about rapid growth and irresponsible development.Releste has a long history of vocal residence resistance to development projects deemed environmentally destructive , or threatening the natural and cultural landscape.
According to Nielsen Company, adults in Austin read and contribute more blogs than any other metropolitan area in the US. Austin residents have the highest Internet use in all of Texas. Austin was voted No. 2 Best Big City in "The Best Place to Live" by Money magazine in 2006, and No. 1. 3 in 2009, and also "Green City in America" ​​by MSN. By Travel & amp; Leisure Magazine , Austin ranks No. 1. 1 on the list of cities with the best people, referring to the personality and attributes of citizens. In 2012, the city is listed among the 10 best places to retire in the US by CBS Money Watch .
In 2015,
The Southern Congress is a shopping district that spans the South Congress Avenue from Downtown. This area is home to coffee shops, eccentric shops, restaurants, food trucks, trailers, and festivals. It prides itself on "Keeping Austin Weird", especially with the development in the surrounding area (s).
Old Austin
"Old Austin" is a saying that is often used by natives in Austin, Texas while being nostalgic to refer to the past in the capital city of Texas. Although Austin is also internationally known as the world's live music capital and its phrase/slogan, Keep Austin Weird can be heard in various places as far as Buffalo, NY and Santa Monica, CA - the term Old Austin refers to the time when the city smaller and more bohemian with a much lower cost of living and better known for lack of traffic, hipsters, and urban sprawl. It is often used by long-time residents who express displeasure in a rapidly changing culture.
The growth and popularity of Austin can be seen by the widespread developments taking place in the downtown landscape. Forbes puts Austin as the second fastest growing city by 2015. This growth can have a negative impact on the old small business that can not offset the costs associated with gentrification and the rising cost of real estate. A former Austin Musician, Dale Watson, describes his move from Austin, "I just feel the city has sold itself Just because you will get $ 45 million for a company to come to town - if that is not the best interest of the city, I do not think they have to do it.The city is never about money.This is about the quality of life. "
Annual cultural event
O. Henry House Museum hosts the annual O. Henry Pun-Off event, a contest auction where successful contestants exhibit intelligence similar to author William Sydney Porter.
Other annual events include Eeyore's Birthday Party, Spamarama, Austin Gay Pride in August, the April Reggae Festival in April, Kite Festival, Texas Brewers Craft Festival in September, Art City Austin in April, East Austin Studio Tour on November, and Carnaval Brasileiro in February. Sixth Street features annual festivals such as the Pecan Street Festival and Halloween night. The three-day Austin City Border Music Festival has been held in Zilker Park every year since 2002. Every year around the end of March and early April, Austin is home to the "Texas Relay Weekend."
Zilker Park Tree from Austin's is a Christmas display made of lamps strung from the top of the Moonlight tower at Zilker Park. The Zilker tree was lit in December alongside the "Trail of Lights," an Austin Christmas tradition. The Trail of Lights was canceled four times, first started in 2001 and 2002 due to the September 11 attacks, and again in 2010 and 2011 due to a budget shortage, but the trail turned back for the 2012 holiday season.
Music
As the official slogan of Austin is the Capital of Live Music of the World , the city has a live musical life with more per capita music venues than any other US city. Austin music revolves around many nightclubs on 6th Street and an annual film/music/interactive festival known as South by Southwest (SXSW). The concentration of restaurants, bars and music venues in downtown downtown is a major contributor to Austin's live music scene, because the ZIP Code that includes the downtown entertainment district becomes the most bars or serves alcohol in the US.
The longest concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits , was recorded on ACL Live at The Moody Theater. Austin City Limits and C3 Presents produce the Austin City Limits Music Festival, an annual music and art festival held at Zilker Park in Austin. Other musical events include the Urban Music Festival, Fun Fun Fest, Chaos In Tejas, and Old Settler's Music Festival. Austin Lyric Opera performs several operas every year (including the 2007 opening of Philip Glass Waiting for the Barbarians, written by the University of Texas at Austin alumnus J. M. Coetzee). The Austin Symphony Orchestra performs a variety of classical, pop and family performances and is led by Music Director and Conductor Peter Bay. The Austin Baroque Orchestra and the La Follia Austin Baroque ensemble both provide historical Baroque music performances.
Movies
Austin hosts several film festivals including the SXSW Film Festival and the Austin Film Festival, which hosts international films. In 2004 the city was first in the MovieMaker Magazine's the top ten cities to live and film.
Austin has been the site for a number of films, partly due to the influence of The University of Texas at the Austin Department of Radio-Television-Film. Movies produced in Austin include the Texas Dog Chain Massacre (1974), Songwriter (1984), House Man , , Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 , Nadine , Built Life , Kids Eyes Faculty , Confused and Confused , Wild Texas Wind , Office Space , David Gale's Life Miss Congeniality , Miragem Thomas , Lazy , Idiocracy , Alamo , Empty Check , The Wendall Baker Story , Stone School i>, A Slipping-Down Life , A Scanner Darkly , Saturday Morning Massacre , and most recently, Coen brothers' , Grindhouse , Machete , How To Eat Fried Balls , Bandslam /i>. In order to attract future film projects to the area, the Austin Film Society has converted several aircraft hangers from Mueller Airport previously to Austin Studios' filmmaking center. Projects that have used facilities at Austin Studios include music videos by The Flaming Lips and movies like 25th Hours and Sin City . Austin also hosted the MTV series, The Real World: Austin in 2005. Spill.com's film review site and Is not It Cool News based in Austin. Rooster Teeth Productions, the creator of popular web series like Red vs. Blue and RWBY , also located in Austin. Theater
Austin has a strong theater culture, with dozens of mobile companies and residents producing works. Church of the Friendly Ghost is a volunteer-run art organization that supports creative expression and counter-cultural communities. The city also has live theater venues such as Zachary Scott Theater Center, Vortex Repertory Company, Salvage Vanguard Theater, Rude Mechanicals' Off Center, Austin Playhouse, Scottish Rite Children's Theater, Hyde Park Theater, Blue Theater, Hideout Theater and Follies Esther. The Victory Grill is a popular spot on the Chitlin circuit. Public art and performances in parks and bridges are very popular. Austin hosts the Fuse Box Festival every April featuring international theatrical artists.
The Paramount Theater, opened in downtown Austin in 1915, contributed to the theater and film culture of Austin, featuring classic movies throughout the summer and hosting the premiere of films like Miss Congeniality. The Zilker Park Summer Musical is a long-running outdoor music.
The Long Performing Arts Center is a 2,300-seat theater built partially with materials reused from the old Lester E. Palmer Auditorium.
The Austin Ballet is the fourth largest ballet academy in the country. Each year, the 20-member professional company Ballet Austin is doing ballet from various choreographers, including their award-winning international artistic director Stephen Mills. The city is also home to Ballet East Dance Company, a modern dance ensemble, and a Tapestry Dance Company featuring various dance genres.
Austin's improvised theater scene has several theaters: ColdTowne Theater, The Hideout Theater, The New Movement Theater, and The Institution Theater. Austin also hosts the Out of Bounds Improv Festival, which attracts comedy artists in all disciplines to Austin.
Museums and other points of interest
Museums in Austin include the Texas Memorial Museum, the George Washington Carver Museum and the Cultural Center, the Thinkery, the Blanton Museum of Art (reopened in 2006), the Bob Bullock Texas History Museum across the street (opened in 2000), The Contemporary Austin, Elisabet Ney Museum, and the gallery at Harry Ransom Center. The Texas State Capitol itself is also a major tourist attraction.
The Driskill Hotel, built in 1886, formerly owned by George W. Littlefield, and located on the streets of 6 and Brazos, completed just before the construction of the Capitol building. Sixth Street is the center of music for the city. The Enchanted Forest, music room, art, and outdoor multi-acre outdoor art show in South Austin host events such as fire dancing and circus performances. Austin is also home to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, which stores documents and artifacts related to the Johnson administration, including the LBJ limousine and the re-creation of the Oval Office.
Locally produced art is featured at the South Austin Museum of Popular Culture. The Mexic-Arte Museum is a Mexican and Mexican art museum established in 1983. Austin is also home to the O. Henry House Museum, which served as O. Henry's residence from 1893 to 1895. The farmers' market was popular , providing a variety of locally grown and often organic foods.
Austin also has many bizarre statues and landmarks, such as Stevie Ray Vaughan, Willie Nelson, Mangia dinosaur, Loca Maria lady in Taco Xpress, giant arm limped by Hyde Park Gym, and Daniel Johnston. Hi, How are you? Jeremiah mural frog Innocent.
The Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge houses the world's largest bicycle-tail bat population in the world. From March, up to 1.5 million bats live within expansion zones and contraction bridges and deep long horizontal grooves along the bottom of the bridge, an ideal environment for raising their children. Every night around sunset, bats appear to look for insects, the way out is seen on the weather radar. Watching the appearance of bats is a popular event among locals and tourists alike, with over 100,000 viewers per year. Bats migrate to Mexico every winter.
The Austin Zoo, located west of Travis County, is a rescue zoo that provides shelter for refugee animals from a variety of situations, including those involving neglect.
Sports
Many Austin guys support the University of Texas athletics program in Austin known as Texas Longhorns. During the 2005-06 academic period, the Longhorns soccer team was named NCAA Division I FBS National Football Champions, and the Longhorns baseball team won the College World Series. Texas Longhorns played a home game at the nation's second-largest sports stadium, Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium, seating more than 101,000 fans. The baseball game is played at UFCU Disch-Falk Field.
Austin is the most populous city in the United States without a major league professional sports team. A minor league professional sport came to Austin in 1996, when the Austin Es Bat started playing at the Travis County Expo Center; they were later replaced by AHL Texas Stars. Austin has hosted a number of other professional teams, including Austin Spurs from the NBA G League, Austin Aztex from United Soccer League, Austin Outlaws in WFA football, and Austin Aces in WTT tennis.
Natural features like Texas Hill Country are bike-friendly and generally mild climate makes Austin home to multiple races and multi-sport community and endurance. Capitol 10,000 is the largest 10 K race in Texas, and about the fifth largest in the United States. The Austin Marathon has been run in the city every year since 1992. In addition the city is home to the largest 5-mile race in Texas, named Turkey Trot as it is run every year in thanksgiving. Started in 1991 by Thundercloud Subs, a local sandwich chain (which still sponsors the show), the event has grown to host more than 20,000 runners. All proceeds are donated to Caritas of Austin, a local charity.
The American Swimming Association established in Austin hosts several swimming competitions around the city. Austin is also the home of several cyclist groups and disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong. Combining these three disciplines is a growing triathlon plant, including the Texas Triathlon Capital held every Memorial Day in and around Lady Bird Lake, Shores Auditorium, and Downtown Austin.
In June 2010 it was announced that the Austin area will host the Formula One, US Grand Prix, from 2012 to 2021. The state pledges $ 25 million in public funds every year for 10 years to pay the sanctioning fee for the race. The Formula One circuit is built with an estimated cost of $ 250 to $ 300 million, and is located east of Austin Bergstrom International Airport. The American circuit also plays host to the MotoGP World Championships from 2013.
The 2014 summer marks its inaugural season for World TeamTennis Austin Aces team, formerly Orange County Breakers from southern California. Austin Aces played their matches at Cedar Park Center northwest of Austin, and featured former professionals Andy Roddick and Marion Bartoli, as well as current WTA tourist Vera Zvonareva. The team went after the 2015 season.
Parks and recreation
The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Excellence in Aquatics award in 1999 and the 2004 Gold Medal of the National Recreation and Park Association. Home to over 50 public pools, Austin has parks and pools throughout the city. There are several famous swimming locations. These include Deep Eddy Pool, Texas's oldest man-made pool, and Barton Springs Pool, the largest natural pool in urban areas. Barton Springs Pool has springs, while Deep Eddy is full enough. Both temperatures range from about 68.0 ° F (20.0 ° C) during the winter to about 71.6 ° F (22.0 ° C) during the summer. Hippie Hollow Park, a county park located along Lake Travis, is the only official recreational theme park in Texas. Activities include rockclimbing, kayaking, swimming, mountain biking, exploring, and hiking along the greenbelt, a long stretching area that stretches across the city. Some natural holes that form naturally along the Austin greenbelt include Twin Falls, Sculpture Falls and Campbell's Hole. Zilker Park, a large green area close to downtown, is part of a greenbelt along the Colorado River. Hamilton Pool is a swimming pool and wildlife park located about 30 minutes from the city.
To strengthen the park's system in the region, which spans over 29,000 hectares (11,736 hectares), the Austin Park Foundation (APF) was established in 1992 to develop and improve parks in and around Austin. APF works to fill the gap in city park funding by utilizing volunteers, philanthropists, park supporters and strategic collaborations to develop, maintain and upgrade Austin's green parks, lanes and green spaces. APF fosters innovative public/private partnerships and since 2006, has provided over 145 grants worth more than $ 2 million in service to the larger Austin community.
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Government and law
Crime
The city has 39 murder cases by 2016, the largest since 1997.
FBI statistics show that violent crime and overall property decline in Austin by 2015, but are rising in the suburbs. One of the southeastern suburbs, Del Valle, reported eight murders in two months in 2016. According to APD crime statistics in 2016, the census 78723 has the most violent crime, with 6 murders, 25 rapes, and 81 robberies.
One of the first massive shootings of American schools occurred in Austin on August 1, 1966, when a gunman shot 43 people, killing 13 people from the top of the University of Texas tower (see University of Texas tower shooting). This event leads to the formation of the SWAT team.
In 2010, Andrew Joseph Stack III deliberately dropped the Piper Cherokee PA-28 onto Echelon 1, an IRS building that holds 190 employees. The resulting explosion killed 1 person (excluding the pilot), injured 13, and completely destroyed the building, costing the IRS a total of 38.6 million. (see 2010 suicide attack in Austin)
A series of bombings occurred in Austin in March 2018.
City government
Austin is run by an 11-member city council (10 board members elected by geographic district plus a publicly elected mayor). The council was accompanied by a city manager hired under the city council management system. Council and mayoral election are non-partisan, with runoff if there is no majority winner. The referendum approved by voters on 6 November 2012 changed the composition of the council of six councilors plus a mayor who was widely elected to the current "10 1" district system. November 2014 marks the first election under the new system.
Austin previously operated a town hall on 128 West 8th Street. Antoine Predock and Cotera Kolar Negrete & amp; Reed Architects designed a new town hall building, intended to reflect on what the Dallas Morning News called "the vitality of quilting crazy, covering everything from country music to environmental protests and high tech arrogance.". "The new town hall, built of recycled materials, has solar panels in the garage.The town hall, at 301 West Second Street, opened in November 2004. The current mayor of Austin is Steve Adler.
Law enforcement in Austin is provided by the Austin Police, except for state government buildings, patrolled by Texas Public Security Department. Police of the University of Texas operate from the University of Texas.
Fire protection within the city limits is provided by the Austin Fire Department, while the surrounding area is divided into twelve geographic regions known as the Emergency Service District, covered by separate regional fire departments. Emergency Medical Services is provided for the entire region by "Austin-Travis Emergency Medical Service".
Other levels of government
Austin is the center of Travis County district and host of the Heman Marion Sweatt Travis County Courthouse in downtown, as well as other regional government offices.
The Texas Transportation Department operates the Austin District Office in Austin.
The Texas Department of Criminal Law (TDCJ) operates the Austin I and Austin II exemption offices in Austin.
The United States Postal Service operates several post offices in Austin.
Politics
Austin is known as a liberal political enclave in other conservative states - so much so, the city is sometimes sarcasticly called the "People's Republic of Austin" by other parts of Texas, and conservatives in the Texas Legislature.
Since redistricting following the 2010 US Census, Austin has been divided between six congressional districts at the federal level: Texas 35th, Texas 25, Texas 10, Texas 21, Texas 17, and 31 Texas. Texas's 35th congress district is represented by Democrat Lloyd Doggett. The other five districts are represented by Republicans, of whom only one, Michael McCaul from the 10th district, lives in Travis County.
As a result of a major party rearrangement that began in 1970, central Austin became a Democratic fortress, while suburbs tended to vote for the Republic. The controversial turning point in the political history of the Austin area is the redistricting of Texas 2003. Prior to that, Austin had been fully or almost entirely within the borders of single-congressional districts â € "which later became the 10th District â €" for over a century. Opponents characterize the district layout resulting from an excessive partisan conspiracy, and the plan is opposed in court by Democratic and minority activists; of note, the United States Supreme Court has never dropped a redistricting plan because it is too partisan. The plan was then upheld by a panel of three federal judges in late 2003, and on June 28, 2006, the issue was largely resolved when the Supreme Court, in 7-2, upheld the entire congressional redistrict plan with the exception of a Hispanic majority district in southwest Texas. This affects the Austin district, as the Lloyd Doggett Rep. District in the US (US Congress District 25) found not compact enough to compensate for the diminishing minority influence in the southwest district; it is redrawn so it is needed in most of southern Travis County and some counties in the south and east.
Overall, the city is a blend of central urban liberalism and suburban conservatism but leaning toward the political left as a whole. The last city went to the Republican candidate in 2000 when former Texas governor George W. Bush managed to run for president. In 2004, Democrats rebounded strongly when John Kerry enjoyed a 14.0% margin over Bush, which once again won Texas.
City residents have supported alternative candidates; for example, Ralph Nader won 10.4% of the vote in Austin in 2000.
In 2003, the city adopted a resolution to the US PATRIOT Act that reaffirmed constitutionally guaranteed rights.
Of the six state legislative districts, three are very Democrats and three are swing districts, two of which are held by Democrats and one of them is held by a Republican.
Travis County is also the only area in Texas that rejects the Constitution of the Texas Proposition 2 Amendment which effectively prohibits gay marriage and the same or similar status and does so by a wide margin (40% to 60% against).
Two presidential candidates in the 2004 race are called Austin homes. Michael Badnarik, Libertarian Party candidate, and David Cobb of the Green Party have both lived in Austin. During the run-up to the election in November, a presidential debate was held at the University of Texas at Austin student union involving two candidates. Although the Commission on Presidential Debate only invites Democrats and Republicans to participate in television debates, the debate in UT is open to all presidential candidates. Austin also hosted one of the last presidential debate debates between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton during their race for Democratic nomination in 2008.
In the 2016 presidential election, Travis County, which contains the majority of Austin, voted Hillary Clinton (D) with a margin of 38.9 points (66.3% to 27.4%).
Environmental movement
The political movement that distinguishes from Austin politics is the environmental movement, which gave birth to a parallel environmental movement, then a more recent conservationist movement (as typed by Hill Country Conservancy), and finally ongoing debate about the "sense of the place" and preserving Austin's quality of life. Much of the environmental movement has been a debate on issues related to saving and creating a "sense of place" of Austin. In 2012, Austin became one of several cities in Texas to ban the sale and use of plastic bags.
Education
Researchers at Central Connecticut State University placed Austin into 16 of the most literate cities in the United States in 2008. The Austin Public Library operates the John Henry Faulk Library and various library branches. In addition, the University of Texas at Austin operates the nation's seventh largest academic library.
Austin was voted "America's No.1 College City" by Travel Channel. More than 43 percent of Austin's population aged 25 and over hold a bachelor's degree, while 16 percent hold a bachelor's degree. In 2009, the larger Austin was ranked eighth among the metropolitan areas in the United States for the achievement of a bachelor's degree with nearly 39 percent of the population of the region over 25 holding a bachelor's degree.
Higher education
Austin is home to the University of Texas at Austin, the flagship institution of the University of Texas System with over 38,000 undergraduate students and 12,000 graduate students. In 2015, the university ranked 53rd among "National Universities" (ranked 17th among state universities) by US. News & amp; World Report. UT has an annual research expenditure of more than $ 595 million and has the highest business, engineering, and law programs at any university in the state of Texas.
The Texas State University System, which consists of eight institutions throughout Texas and educates over 84,000 students, is headquartered in downtown Austin. Other higher education institutions in Austin include St. University Edward, University of Huston-Tillotson, Austin Community College, Concordia University, Southwest Seminary, Acton Business School, Texas University of Health and Science, St. University. Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin Theological Seminary Presbyterian School, Austin Theological Seminary Presbyterian, Austin Virginia College Campus, Austin Art Institute, Austin Institute of Southern Careers, Austin Conservatory and branches of Park University.
General basic and secondary education
The Austin area has 29 public school districts, 17 charter schools and 69 private schools. Most of the city is served by the Austin Independent School District. This district includes famous schools such as the Liberal Arts magnet and the Austin, Texas (LASA) High School Academy of Sciences, which, with test scores, is consistently in the top thirty high schools in the country, and The Ann Richards School for Youth Leaders Princess. Some parts of Austin are served by other districts, including Round Rock, Pflugerville, Leander, Manor, Del Valle, Lake Travis, Hays, and Eanes ISDs. Four of the major public school systems on the metro, representing 54% of regional enrollments, are included in the latest annual education ranking list of the latest educational version of nearly 2,800 national school districts. Two districts - Eanes and Round Rock - are rated "gold medals", the highest of the magazine's cost performance category.
Private and alternative education
Austin has a large network of private and alternative education institutions for children in the 12th-grade pre-school including Abrome, ACE Academy, Acton Academy, Austin International School, Austin Jewish Academy, Austin Peace Academy, Austin School for the Performing and Visual Arts, The Austin. Waldorf Austin School, Brentwood Christian School, Cleociew Sudbury School, Concordia Academy, Griffin School, Catholic Family of the Holy Family, Huntington-Surrey, Outside School, Integrity Academy, Headwaters School, Hyde Park Baptist, Kirby Hall School, Long-View Micro Schools, Paragon Preparatory Middle School, Progress School, Redeemer Lutheran School, Regents School of Austin, Renaissance Academy, San Juan Diego Catholic High School, Skybridge Academy, St. Andrew's Episcopal School, St. Austin Catholic School, St. Francis School, St. Gabriel Catholic School, St. Catholic School Ignatius Martyr, St. Mary's, St. Catholic Academy Michael, St. Paul Lutheran, St. Stephen's Episcopal School, St. Theresa, Trinity Episcopal School, and a number of Montessori schools.
Together with homeschooling and unschooling communities, Austin is home to a number of learning environments
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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