Dortmund

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Dortmund ( ['d ??? tm? nt] Ã, (< span> listen ) ; German: DÃÆ'¼ÃÆ'¶rpm : ['dy: oe ?? pm?] ; Latin: Tremonia ) is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the central part of the country and is considered the administrative, commercial and cultural center of the eastern region of Ruhr. Its population of 601,402 (2017) makes it the 8th largest city in Germany. In addition, Dortmund is the largest city by region and population in Ruhr Area, an urban area with approximately 5.1 million (2011) population which is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany.

Established around 882, Dortmund became Imperial Free City. Throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, it is the "main city" of Rhine, Westphalia, Dutch Circle of the Hanseatic League. After the Thirty Years' War, the city was destroyed and declined significantly until the beginning of industrialization. The city became one of Germany's most important centers of coal, steel and beer. Dortmund as a result was one of the most bombed cities in Germany during World War II. The devastating bombing of March 12, 1945 destroyed 98% of buildings in the city center. These bombing attacks, with more than 1,110 planes, held a record of one target in World War II.

The region has been adapting since the collapse of the steel and coal industry of the century and has shifted to high-tech biomedical technology, micro-system technology and services. In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a city of Node in the City Innovation Index published by 2thinknow and is the most sustainable city in Germany.

Dortmund is home to many cultural and educational institutions, including the Dortmund Technical University and the University of Applied Sciences and the Arts of Dortmund, the School of International Management and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities with over 49,000 students, many museums, such as the Ostwall Museum, the Art Museum and Cultural History, German Football Museum, as well as theater and music venues such as Koncerthaus or Dortmund Opera House. The city is known as the "green metropolis" of Westphalia. Almost half of the municipality consists of waterways, forests, farms, and green spaces with large parks such as Westfalenpark and Rombergpark. This is in stark contrast to nearly hundreds of years of coal mining and steel milling in the past.

Dortmund is home to Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e.V. Dortmund, commonly known as Borussia Dortmund, a successful club in German football.

Video Dortmund

History

Initial history

Archaeological evidence suggests the site was occupied in Neolithic times.

The area around Dortmund was part of the Saxon War. In 765, conquered the Sigiburg stronghold in southern Dortmund taken by the Franks under Charlemagne in 772, retaken by the Saxons (possibly under Widukind) in 774, and retrieved and re-reified by Charlemagne in 775. The first time Dortmund was mentioned in an official document about 882 as Throtmanni - In throtmanni liber homo arnold [we] viii den [arios] nob [is] soluit [solvit]. In 1005, the "Church Council" and in 1016, the "Diet of the Empire" met in Dortmund.

Medieval and early modern period

Having been destroyed by fire, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) rebuilt the city in 1152 and lived there (among other places) for two years. In 1267 St. Church Mary, Dortmund, and three years later at 1270 St. Mary's Church. Reinold]] first mentioned. The combination of crossroads, market place, administrative center - city hall, make Dortmund an important center in Westphalia. The city became the Free City of the Empire and one of the first cities in Europe with official Brewing Rights in 1293. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "main city" of Rhine, Westphalia, the Dutch Circle of the Hanseatic League.

After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the King of England even borrowed money from a good Dortmund merchant family, Berswordt and Klepping, offering the crown of majesty as security. In 1388, Count von Mark joined the Archbishop of Cologne and issued a declaration of enmity against the city. After a massive 18-month siege, peace negotiations ensued and Dortmund won. In 1400 first Vehmic court seats (Germany: Freistuhl ) are in Dortmund, on the square between two linden trees, one of which is known as Femelinde . With the increasing influence of Cologne during the 15th century, the chair was transferred to Arnsberg in 1437. After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470-74), Dortmund was made the capital of the Rhine-Westphalia Circle and the Netherlands. This supports the establishment of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 - Stadtgymnasium Dortmund.

18, 19, and the beginning of the 20th century

The 1661 earthquake caused Reinoldikirche to collapse. It was part of the Grand Duchy of Berg between 1806 and 1813 before being forwarded to the Prussian government. In 1808 Dortmund became the French satellite capital of Ruhr (department). The Ruhr state mining authority was founded in 1815 and moved from Bochum to Dortmund. In the Prussian Province of Dortmund, Dortmund was the district district of Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg until 1875, when it became an urban district of the region.

During the industrialization of Prussia, Dortmund became a major center for coal and steel. The city grew into a city, with the population rising from 57,742 in 1875 to 379,950 in 1905. Large residential areas such as North, East, Union and Kreuz sprung up in less than 10 years. In 1920, Dortmund was one of the centers of resistance against Kapp Putsch - a proper military coup launched against a government headed by the Social Democratic Party. The radical workers formed the Red Army against the freikorps units involved in the coup. On January 11, 1923, the Occupation of Ruhr was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into Ruhr. French Prime Minister Raymond PoincarÃÆ'Â © believes that Germany failed to meet the demands of the Versailles Treaty. On the morning of March 31, 1923, it reached the sad peak of this French-German confrontation.

World War II

Under Nazi Germany, the Old Synagogue opened in 1900 was destroyed in 1938. With a capacity of 1,300 seats, it is one of the largest Jewish temples in Germany. Also, the Aplerbeck Hospital in Dortmund transferred mentally and/or physically disabled patients to euthanasia at the Mental Hospital Hadamar as part of the T4 Action (an additional 229 children were killed in the "Specialist Department of Children", moved from Marburg in 1941). The bombing goals of the World War II Petroleum Campaign in Dortmund included Hoesch-WestfalenhÃÆ'¼tte AG, the synthetic oil factory "Hoesch-Benzin GmbH", and Zeche Hansa . The bombings destroyed about 66% of Dortmund homes. The devastating bombing attacks on March 12, 1945 with 1,108 aircraft (748 Lancasters, 292 Halifaxes, 68 Mosquitos) destroyed 98% of the buildings in the city center, and 4,851 tonnes of bombs were dropped through downtown Dortmund and south of the city; this is a record for a single target throughout World War II.

The code word Dortmund was broadcast to begin the 1941 Operation Barbarossa campaign against the Soviet Union. The progress of the Allied forces to Germany reached Dortmund in April 1945. The 95th US Infantry Division attacked the city on 12 April 1945 against a vibrant German defense. The division, aided by air support, advanced through ruins in urban battles and completed his arrest on 13 April 1945.

Postwar period

After the war, most of the ancient buildings were not restored, and much of the city was rebuilt in the 1950s style. Some of the historic buildings when the main churches of Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche are restored or rebuilt, and the gardens and vast gardens are laid out. The simple but successful postwar re-development has resulted in a very diverse and unique city landscape. Dortmund was in the British occupation zone in Germany, and became part of the new state (Land) of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946. The LWL-Industriemuseum was founded in 1969. In 1987 Coalmining pit Minister Stein closed, marking the end of more coal mining from 150 years. Dortmund has since adapted, with the steel and coal industry of the century into its century has shifted to high-tech areas, including biomedical technology, micro system technology, and services. This has led Dortmund to become a regional center for hi-tech industries.

In 2001 started a new era for HÃÆ'¶rde in Dortmund, 160 years of industrial history ended with the start of Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area is carried out by a subsidiary of Stadtwerke AG. In 2005 the first foundation was placed in the Phoenix area. Work begins at full speed to manage jobs with over 2.5 million meters of ground motion and 420,000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete. On October 1, 2010, the biggest and most anticipated milestone can be celebrated: the Phoenix See flood launch. Since May 9, 2011, the fences are gone and Phoenix See has been completed. In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a city of Node in the City Innovation Index published by 2thinknow and is the most sustainable city in Germany.

On November 3, 2013, more than 20,000 people were evacuated after a 4,000-pound bomb from World War II was discovered. German authorities safely defuse bombs. The bomb was discovered after analyzing old air photographs while searching for unexploded bombs dropped by Allied aircraft over German industrial Ruhr region.

Maps Dortmund

Geography

Location

Dortmund is an independent city located east of the Ruhr region, one of the largest urban areas of Europe (see also: megalopolis), comprising eleven independent cities and four districts with about 5.3 million inhabitants. The city limits of Dortmund itself are 87 km (54 mi) long and the border of twelve cities, two independent and ten kreisangehÃÆ'¶rig (ie, belong to the district), with a total population of about 2.4 million. The following cities border Dortmund (clockwise from north-east): Bochum, Castrop-Rauxel, Waltrop, LÃÆ'¼nen, Kamen, Unna, Holzwickede, Schwerte, Hagen, Herdecke and Witten. Historically speaking, Dortmund is part of Westphalia located in the Bundesland North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition, Dortmund is part of the Westphalian Lowland and adjacent to the Ardey Hill in the south of the city to Sauerland.

The Ruhr formed a reservoir at Hengsteysee next to the Syburg borough in the south of Dortmund between the cities of Hagen and Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Klusenberg, a hill that is part of the Ardey range, is located north of Hengsteysee and the highest point of Dortmund is 254.3 m. There is also a pumped storage plant in this reservoir, named Koepchenwerk. The lowest point can be found in the northern region of Brechten at 48.9 m.

The Emscher is a small river and has springs in Holzwickede, east of the city of Dortmund, and flows west through Dortmund. The cities along the Emscher take in Dortmund, Castrop-Rauxel, Herne, Recklinghausen, Gelsenkirchen, Essen, Bottrop, Oberhausen and Dinslaken, where it flows to the Rhine.

Borough

Dortmund consists of 62 neighborhoods which in turn are grouped into twelve districts (called Stadtbezirke ), often named according to the most important environments. Three boroughs cover the inner city area (Innenstadt-West, Innenstadt-Nord, Innenstadt-Ost) and the remaining nine boroughs form the surrounding area (Eving, Scharnhorst, Brackel, Aplerbeck, HÃÆ'¶rde, Hombruch, LÃÆ'¼tgendortmund, Huckarde, Mengede). Every Stadtbezirk is given Roman numerals and has a local governmental body of nineteen members with limited authority. Most of the region was originally an independent city but gradually annexed from 1905 to 1975. This long-standing process of annexation has led to the identification of strong populations with their "districts or districts" and on rare oddities: The borough of HÃÆ' ¶rde, located at south of Dortmund and merdeka until 1928, has its own symbol.

The center can be subdivided into historically evolving city districts whose borders are not always strictly defined, such as

• Stadtzentrum
• Hafenviertel
• Nordmarkt
• Borsigplatz
• Kaiserviertel
• Kronenviertel
• Kreuzviertel
• Klinikviertel
• SaarlandstraÃÆ'Ÿenviertel
• Unionviertel
• Gartenstadt

Climate

Dortmund is located in a temperate zone. The winter is relatively mild, the summer is rather cold. The average annual temperature lies at about 9 to 10 Â ° C (48 to 50 Â ° F), the average annual rainfall amount lies at about 800 mm (31 inches). Precipitation drops evenly throughout the year; stable rain (with some snow), prevailing in winter, an isolated shower dominates the summer. Dortmund has the characteristics of densely populated areas such as the occurrence of a typical urban heat island.

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Demographics

Dortmund population grew rapidly during the industrialization of the 19th century when coal mining and steel processing in the city began. The year 1904 marks the year when Dortmund saw a population of over 100,000 for the first time in its history. During the 19th century the region around Dortmund called Ruhr attracted up to 500,000 Polish, Masurian and Silesia ethnic from East Prussia and Silesia in a migration known as Ostflucht (flying from the east). Most of the new residents are from Eastern Europe, but immigrants also come from France, Ireland, and England. Almost all of their descendants today speak German as a mother tongue, and for various reasons they do not identify with their Polish roots and traditions, often only the names of their Polish families are left as a sign of their past. Not taking into account the fluctuations of the war years, the population figure continued to increase to 657,804 in 1965. As a result of the decline of the post-urban industry, the population dropped to just under 580,000 in 2011. Today with a population of 601,402 (2017) the City of Dortmund is the eighth largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and DÃÆ'¼sseldorf. The city is also the largest city in Ruhr agglomeration.

Contrary to previous projections, population numbers have increased in recent years due to the acquisition of net migration. Dortmund has seen an influx of younger youth (ages 18 to 25) mainly because of its university. The 2011 EU broad census data reveals a major inaccuracy with regard to German population figures. As a result, each figure has been fixed, resulting in a loss of "statistics" from 9,000 residents in Dortmund. In 2016 it was announced that the population returned above 600,000.

In 2012, Dortmund has a population of 571,403 of whom about 177,000 (about 30%) are from non-German countries. This table shows the number of first and second generation immigrants in Dortmund by nationality as of December 31, 2014.

Religion

Dortmund is historically a Protestant-dominated city. However, during the 19th century, more and more Catholics moved there from East Prussia, Silesia and Poland. By 2014 the largest Christian denominations are Protestant (29.9%) and Roman Catholics (27.4% of the population). Furthermore, in Dortmund the Greek Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Macedonian Orthodox Church are represented. Church of the Holy Apostles (gre. IN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? due to the entry of "guest workers "Also Dortmund is the home of the New Apostolic Church in North Rhine-Westphalia with over 84,944 community members.

The Jewish community has a history dating from Medieval times and always ranked at the largest in Westphalia. Dortmund is home to the Westfalen-Lippe Jewish National Community Association. The synagogue operates there in the city center, HÃÆ'¶rde and Dorstfeld. Due to the increasing immigration of people from Muslim countries starting in the 1960s. Dortmund has a large Muslim community with more than 30 mosques.

In June 2019, Dortmund hosted the 37th Evangelischer Kirchentag - German Evangelical Church Council.

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Politics

The current BÃÆ'¼rgermeister (mayor) of Dortmund is Ullrich Sierau with a variable majority between the SPD, CDU and Alliance '90/The Greens

The city government past and present

Dortmund is one of nineteen independent districts free ( kreisfreie StÃÆ'¤dte ) in North Rhine-Westphalia, meaning that it does not form part of another general-purpose government entity, in this case not part of Landkreis. Since 1975, Dortmund is divided into twelve administrative districts. Each district (Bezirk ) has its own elected district council (Bezirksvertretung) and its own district mayor (BezirksbÃÆ'¼rgermeister). District councils only as advisors.

Dortmund is often called Herzkammer der SPD (roughly translated as "the heart of the Social Democrats"), which is the dominant political party in the city. During the Nazi era (1933-1945), the mayor was installed by the Nazi Party. After World War II, the military government of the British occupation zone installed new mayors and municipal constitutions modeled on British cities. The first major selected by Dortmund residents was Fritz HenÃÆ'Ÿler. Since the end of the war, the SPD has held a relative majority in the city council - except from 1999 to 2004. Since local elections in 2012, there have been 8 parties and voting groups in city council (86 seats, 2009: 96 seats): Ullrich Sierau (SPD) has been the mayor of Dortmund since May 2010. He has to work by changing the majority in local councils.

The last city elections were held on May 25, 2014. The SPD reached 38.2% (36 seats), 27.2% CDU (26 seats), 13.4% GrÃÆ'¼nen (15 seats), Die Linke 6.8% (6 seats), AfD 3.4% (3 seat), FDP 2.4% (2 seats), Piraten 2.3% (2 seats), Die Rechte 1.0% (1 seat), BÃÆ'¼rgerliste fÃÆ'¼r Dortmund 1.0% (1 seat), NPD 0.9 % (1 seat)) und the Freie BÃÆ'¼rger-Initiative 0.7% (1 seat).

International relations

Dortmund has a large number of international relations and partnerships. Currently twinned with:

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Cityscape

Dortmund city center offers a contrasting picture. Historic buildings such as the Altes Stadthaus or KrÃÆ'¼¼gerpassage shoulder rub against the post-war architecture such as Gesundheitshaus and concrete construction with Romanesque churches such as Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche. Destruction near Dortmund city center during World War II (98%) has resulted in varying architectural landscapes. The reconstruction of the city followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming the streets. Dortmund city center still retains the outline of the medieval city. The ring road marks the former wall of the city, and Westen-/Ostenhellweg, part of the medieval salt trade route, is still the main street (pedestrian) that divides the two city centers.

Thus, the city today is characterized by simple and simple post-war buildings, with some pre-war buildings interspersed reconstructed because of the importance of their history. Some buildings "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example the opera house today is considered a classic modern architecture.

City district

Unlike Dortmund's city center, many of the inner districts around the old medieval center escaped damage in the second world war and post-war rebuilding.

Kreuzviertel

The Kreuzviertel is characterized by old buildings, mostly from the turn of the 20th century (1884-1908). More than 80% of all housing in this area was built before 1948, with the oldest building University of Applied Sciences and Art of Dortmund still standing from 1896. In the second World War, relatively few buildings were destroyed compared to other areas of the city. Today, Kreuzviertel forms an almost homogeneous historic building area. More than 100 buildings remain protected as historical monuments, such as Kreuzkirche in KreuzstraÃÆ'Ÿe and the first German Concrete Church of St-Nicolai. Currently Kreuzviertel is a trendy area with pubs, restaurants, cafes, galleries, and small shops. In addition, local efforts to beautify and strengthen the environment have reinforced a sense of community and artistic expression. The West Park is the green lung of Kreuzviertel and in the months between May and October the centers of urban life of students. This district has the highest real estate prices in Dortmund.

Even today many artists choose Kreuzviertel as their residence: Sascha Schmitz, Christina Hammer, and Borussia Dortmund players.

Nordstadt

The northern part of downtown Dortmund is called Nordstadt, located in an area of ​​14.42 km² formed by various types of cultures. As the oldest homogenous old building area in Ruhr Nordstadt is a melting place of different people from different countries and customs, just steps from the city center. Nordstadt is an industrial urban area that was mainly developed in the 19th century to serve the WestfalenhÃÆ'¼tte steel mill, port and rail freight depot. All residents live in a heavily populated area of ​​300 hectares (the most populous residential area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with steel, port and railway lines serving as a physical barrier that cuts off the area from downtown and residential districts others.).

This region has been severely affected by the de-industrialization of these heavy industries, with target areas developing the role of home to an increasing number of immigrants and socially disadvantaged groups in part because of the availability of cheaper (though poor quality) accommodation. Nevertheless, the two parks - Fredenbaumpark and Hoeschpark - are located there. There is plenty of equipment for kids to spend their free time. For example, the Great Tipi is 35 meters high, which was imported from Expo 2000 in Hanover. All of that should attract families to settle down, but low apartment prices and various rental offers speak otherwise. It evolved into Dortmund's youngest living population and created a district with home art cinema for ethnic shops, ranging from exotic restaurants to student pubs.

Borsigplatz is probably one of the most famous squares in Nordstadt. Ballspielverein Borussia Dortmund was established nearby, northeast of the main railway station. The streets gushed out to form a star shape, the sycamore in the middle of the square and the tramline that run diagonally across the square gave Borsigplatz his own talent.

Kaiserviertel

The KaiserstraÃÆ'Ÿen district is located east of the former fortress of Dortmund and follows the Westenhellweg course. In this district are many magnificent buildings from the 1900s and new buildings from the 1950s located next to the State Heritage Office protected by inheritance, Dortmund, several Courts, Consulates and East Cemeteries. The district is characterized by employees of Amtsgericht, Landgericht (first and second instance of ordinary jurisdiction) and Prison.

Today Kaiserbrunnen is historic and the entrance sign of KaiserstraÃÆ'Ÿe is an important starting point for touring the popular shopping district. The Moltkestreet also known as Cherry Blossom Avenue, became famous after photographers began posting pictures of blooming trees. Every spring, usually in April, the street in KaiserstraÃÆ'Ÿen district is booming with pink flowers and attracts tourists.

Unionviertel

The Union District is located west of the former fortress of Dortmund and follows the Westenhellweg course. For a long time, the environment at U Dortmunder and along the Rheinische StraÃÆ'Ÿe was marked by emptiness and social distortions due to structural changes. Today is developing scenes of inspiring young artists, with more and more students thanks to cheaper apartments near the university and gastronomic lively. This development is very profitable from the visible new flare, the arts and creative center of Dortmunder U, opened in 2010. However, for the time being, especially Union Gewerbehof activists and other single stakeholders are initiating change.

HÃÆ'¶rde on Lake Phoenix

HÃÆ'¶rde is located in the southern part of the city of Dortmund. Originally HÃÆ'¶rde was a separate city (until 1929) and was founded by Counts of Mark in opposition to their main enemy, the city of Dortmund. In 1388, "GroÃÆ'Ÿen Dortmunder Fehde" (great feud of Dortmund) took place, where the city of Dortmund battled an alliance of surrounding cities. The struggle ended in 1390, with defeats to HÃÆ'¶rde and its allies Herdecke, Witten, Bochum, Castrop, LÃÆ'¼nen, Unna und Schwerte. Today HÃÆ'¶rde is part of Dortmund with a restored old building combined with modern architecture. The HÃÆ'¶rder Burg (HÃÆ'¶rde castle) was built in the 12th century and is located east of the city, near Emscher and Lake Phoenix.

Lake Phoenix is ​​one of the largest urban rebuilding projects in Europe. In the newly established blast furnace and steel site of the ThyssenKrupp steel plant, a new urban population and recreation area 3 kilometers (2.6 miles) from the city center of Dortmund. Development Phoenix View area cost EUR 170 million. This lake has a length of 1.2 km to the east-west and 320 meters wide in the north-south direction. Water surface area 24 hectares larger than Hamburg Alster. Lake Phoenix is ​​a shallow water lake with a depth of 3 to 4 meters and a capacity of about 600,000 cubic meters. Residential area with attractive high prices made on the south and north side of the Lake. On the banks of the western lakes, the existing HÃÆ'¶rde district center is enlarged by city ports and mixed functional urban areas.

Firms with lakeside offices and offices include:

• Zalando
• HSBC Trinkaus
• The German Handball Association
• Handball-Bundesliga (HBL)
• German Public Banking Academy
• Mircosonic

The finished soles are mainly fed by contaminated ground water and rainwater from new building sites. The Emscher River flows through a no-frills river trough directly to the Lake. Together with the new Emscher, the Lake forms a 33-hectare water landscape, which, as a connecting area, is an essential element of Emscher's landscape garden. Emscher River Renaturation is managed by the Emschergenossenschaft public water council. The financial framework is 4.5 billion euros and the goal is to complete the main work by 2020.

Church

• Reinoldikirche, the Protestant church (built in 1233-1450)
• Petrikirche, the present Protestant church (beginning of construction 1322). The place is famous for its large carved altar (known as the "Golden Miracle of Dortmund"), beginning in 1521. It consists of 633 carved gold figures from oaks depicting 30 scenes about Easter.
• Marienkirche, a Protestant church originally built in 1170-1200 but rebuilt after World War II. The altar is from 1420.
• Propsteikirche, Convent of the Dominican Order in the city center (built in 1331-1353)
• St. Georg, Aplerbeck, the only basilica of the Romasque cross from Dortmund
• GroÃÆ'Ÿe Kirche Aplerbeck, Gothic revival church
• St. Peter in Syburg suburb, the oldest church building in the city limits
• Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, the Protestant church (beginning of construction 1911)
• St-Margareta Chapel, a Protestant chapel built in 1348

Castle

• Haus Bodelschwingh (13th century), a heavily fortified castle
• Haus Dellwig (13th century), a paraded parade partially rebuilt in the 17th century. Façade and steep towers, and two half-timbered buildings, are original.
• Haus Rodenberg (13th century), a hardened castle
• Altes Stadthaus, built in 1899 by Friedrich Kullrich
• Romberg Park Gatehouse (17th century), which used to be a gateway to a chambered castle. Now there is an art gallery.
• Husen Castle, the tower house of the former castle, in the district of Syburg.

Industrial building

Most industrial buildings in Dortmund are part of Traces of Industrial Heritage (Germany: Route der Industriekultur ). This trail links tourist-related attractions across the Ruhr region of Germany. It is part of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

• U-Tower, the former beer factory of Dortmunder Union, is now a museum
• Colliery Zollern II/IV, now part of the Westfalen Industrial Museum and the European Route Point Route of Industrial Heritage Europe (ERIH)
• Hansa Coking Factory

Cultural building

• Konzerthaus Dortmund
• Opernhaus Dortmund, an opera house built in 1966 on the site of an old synagogue destroyed by the Nazis in 1938.
• Major art museums include the Museum Kunst und Kulturgeschichte and the more recent Ostwall Museum.
• DASA, Germany Health and Safety Exhibition (Germany: Deutsche Arbeitsschutzausstellung)
• Brewery Museum Dortmund
• Museum of Art and Cultural History
• German Football Museum

Other important buildings

• Florianturm, (Florian television tower)
• Westfalenstadion: Borussia Dortmund football field, licensed until 2021 under the name Signal Iduna Park
• Close to Westfalenstadion is the Westfalenhallen, a large convention center, home to several major conventions, trade fairs, ice-skating competitions, concerts and other big events since the 1950s.
• Steinwache memorial

High-rise structure

Dortmund's highest structure is the Florianturm telecommunication tower at 266 m or 873 ft. The other high buildings are the churches around the city center. The highest office building options in Dortmund are listed below.

• The RWE Tower
• Westnetz Hochhaus Dortmund (skyscraper as high as 100 meters)
• Westfalentower (high-rise skyscraper)
• Harenberg City-Center
• Sparkassen-Hochhaus (high-rise skyscraper)
• IWO-Hochhaus (high-rise skyscraper)
• Ellipson (high-rise skyscraper)
• Volkswohl Bund Hochhaus (high-rise skyscraper)

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Transportation

Road transport

Dortmund also serves as the main junction of Europe and Germany for Autobahnsystem. Ruhrschnellweg follows the old Hanseatic trade route to connect the city with other towns in the Ruhr Area. It crossed the Dutch-German border as a continuation of the Dutch A67 and crossed the Rhine, leading through the Ruhr valley towards Bochum, becoming B1 (BundesstraÃÆ'Ÿe 1) in Kreuz West Dortmund and finally joining A 44 near Holzwickede. Officially named Ruhrschnellweg (Ruhr Fast Way), but locals usually call it Ruhrschleichweg (Ruhr Crawling Way) or "the longest parking lot in the Ruhr region". According to Der Spiegel , this is the most crowded highway in Germany.

Connections to further parts of Germany are managed by Autobahn routes A1 and A2, which cross the northern and eastern border of the city and meet at the Kamener Kreuz junction northeast of Dortmund. In combination with the A45 Autobahn to the west, it forms the Beltway Dortmund ( Dortmunder Autobahnring ).

Rail transport

Like most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by local and publicly owned companies for inner city transportation, the Regio DB subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn for regional transport and Deutsche Bahn itself for long distance travel. The local carrier, Dortmunder Stadtwerke (DSW21), is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) public transport association in the Ruhr region, which provides uniform tariff structures throughout the region. Within the VRR area, tickets apply on all members' paths as well as DB trains (except InterCity and Intercity-Express high-speed networks) and can be purchased at ticket machines and DSW21 service centers, all other VRR members, and DB.

The central train station (Dortmund Hauptbahnhof) is Germany's third largest crossroads of traffic. Dortmund has a train service with Deutsche Bahn InterCity and the ICE trains that stop at Dortmund Dortmund (Main Station Dortmund). The ICE and TGV Thalys fast trains connect Dortmund with Amsterdam, Brussels (within 2 hours 30) and Paris (within 3 hours 50). There are frequent ICE trains to other German cities, including Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, and other towns in the Rhein-Ruhr Region.

For public transportation, the city has an extensive Stadtbahn and bus system. U-Bahn has eight lanes (U41 to U49) serving Dortmund and the large suburb of LÃÆ'¼nen in the north. The train that runs on the track is actually lightrails because of the many lanes traveling along the lane in the middle of the road, not underground further than the city center. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the general pattern is that each line runs at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes. In April 2008, a newly built east-west subway line was opened, completing underground services in the city center and replacing the last tram on the surface.

A number of bus lines complement Dortmund's public transport system. The night bus replaces U-Bahn and tram services between 01:30 and 3:30 am. The central intersection for the night bus service is Reinoldikirche in the city center, where all night bus lines start and end.

The H-Bahn at Dortmund University of Technology is a hanging monorail built specifically for transporting passengers between two university campuses, now also flanked by research labs and other high-tech companies and startups. An almost identical monorail system transfers passengers at DÃÆ'¼sseldorf Airport.

Air freight

Dortmund Airport is a medium-sized airport, yet rapidly growing 13 km (8.1 miles) east of the city center on the city limits to Holzwickede. The airport serves the Ruhrgebiet, Sauerland, Westphalia and parts of the Netherlands and has flights to Munich, London, Vienna, Porto and many other Eastern European cities and recreation destinations. The airport is served by an express bus to Dortmund's main station, a shuttle bus to the nearby Holzwickede/Dortmund Flughafen railway station, a bus to the metro line of the city U47 , as well as the bus to the city Unna.

By 2016, airports serving 1,918,843 passengers are mainly used for low-cost charter flights and recreation. The nearest continental airport is DÃÆ'¼sseldorf Airport.

Water transport

Pelabuhan Dortmund ( Hafen ) adalah pelabuhan kanal terbesar di Eropa dan pelabuhan fluvial ke-11 di Jerman.

• Transportasi di Dortmund

src: cdn.netzpolitik.org

Ekonomi

Dortmund has been adapting since the fall of steel industry, coal and beer of a century long. This area has switched to high technology, robotics, biomedical technology, micro system technology, engineering, tourism, finance, education, service and thus is one of the most dynamic new economic cities in Germany. In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a city of Node in City Innovation Index published by 2thinknow.

Hundreds of UKMs are still based in and around Dortmund (often called Mittelstand ). Dortmund is also home to a number of medium-sized information technology companies, many of which are associated with the local university TU Dortmund in Germany's first technology center named "Technologiepark Dortmund" opened in the 1980s. With about 280 companies such as Boehringer Ingelheim and Verizon Communications and more than 8,500 employees, TechnologiePark Dortmund is one of Europe's most successful technology parks. The city works closely with research institutions, private universities, and corporations to collaborate on the commercialization of science initiatives. Furthermore, 680 IT and software companies with 12,000 employees are based in Dortmund, making this city one of the largest software locations in Germany. Two of the top 10 IT service providers in Germany-based providers Dortmund - Adesso Group and Materna Group.

Dortmund is home to many insurance companies such as Signal Iduna, Continentale Krankenversicherung, Bundesinnungskrankenkasse Gesundheit (BIG direkt) and Volkswohl Bund. In recent years, the service sector and high-tech industries have grown considerably. Some of the most prominent companies of this sector include Amprion and RWE-Westnetz (Electricity), Rhenus Logistics, Wilo, KHS GmbH, Elmos Semiconductor, ABP Induction Systems, Nordwest Handel AG - all have their headquarters here. Companies operating in or around Dortmund include Zalando, Daimler AG: EvoBus, RapidMiner, Gap Inc. and ThyssenKrupp.

Dortmund is also the headquarters of Century Media Records, a heavy metal record label with offices in the United States and London. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US $ 17 million.

Tourism

Tourism in Dortmund is a rapidly growing economic factor every year: new overnight records can be announced, new hotels opened and new visitors magnets added. Beginning in the mid-1990s, Dortmund, once an industrial center, saw a rapid development that expanded the possibilities of culture and tourism, and transformed it into a new city of life. Important strategic steps are the start of the new Konzerthaus Dortmund construction, the re-use of old empty industrial buildings such as Colliery Zollern II/IV, Kokerei Hansa, Dortmund U-Tower and the reorientation of the Dortmund Christmas market with more than 300 kiosks packaged around the creation of trees Giant Christmas 45 meters high - considered the largest in the world. The new Tourist Information Center is right next to U-Tower, giving visitors a quick overview of sights in the City and Ruhr Area. Today Dortmund with more than 1,450,528 (2017) stayed overnight one of the most popular destinations in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The majority of tourists are domestic visitors, coming from Germany. International tourists come from England, Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland. Dortmund also attracts business tourism, which has been equipped with facilities such as WILO, Amprion in addition to Westfalenhallen and football tourism with Borussia Dortmund fans. The 5 most visited places are the Christmas market, with over three and a half million visitors, Signal Iduna Park, Deutsches FuÃÆ'Ÿballmuseum, Dortmund U-Tower, Zollern II/IV Colliery, and Westfalenpark.

Shopping

The Westenhellweg is a popular shopping destination and with nearly 13,000 visitors per hour it is the most frequent shopping street in Germany in 2013. During the Middle Ages, Dortmund was the only free imperial city in Westphalia, having been considered an important trading center. Today some of the most famous stores, department stores have shops here. It is a pedestrian area only and bordered by Reinoldikirche in the east and U-Tower to the west. The Westenhellweg has one of the highest leases for retail and office space in North Rhine-Westphalia. 85 percent of the stores are retail chains like H & amp; M, Saturn, Esprit, Zara or NewYorker. In 2009 a new shopping center called Thier-Galerie opened, with nearly 100 stores and chains, including; Armani, Adidas, Diesel, and Hollister.

Three other shopping centers occupy Thier-Galerie; Galeria Kaufhof and Karstadt, as well as a large fashion clothing store from Peek & amp; Cloppenburg and C & amp; A. During the month before Christmas, an expanded pedestrian-specific zone is host to the Christmas Market of Dortmund, one of Germany's largest and oldest Christmas markets. With over 3.5 million visitors and 300 stalls around the gigantic Christmas tree 45 meters high, this is one of the most visited and popular markets in the world.

Near Dortmund Concert Hall is located BrÃÆ'¼ckstraÃÆ'Ÿenviertel - a hospitality center especially for young people. The "Rue de Pommes Frites", which Dortmund residents call BrÃÆ'¼ckstraÃÆ'Ÿe, has turned into a modern shopping spot, aimed at younger markets.

For a long time, KampstraÃÆ'Ÿe has a dark existence as a parallel road to Westenhellweg and Ostenhellweg, but has become a great street containing specialty shops. Right next to KampstraÃÆ'Ÿe is KleppingstraÃÆ'Ÿe - a shopping street with a high concentration of gastronomy and expensive and prestigious stores like van Laack, Lindner Fashion, Marc Cain. Located between Ostenhellweg and Neutor to Wallring.

Port and Logistic

Dortmund is one of the most important logistics centers in Germany, over 900 logistics companies, as well as nationally and internationally recognized scientific institutes. The Dortmund port that ends the Dortmund-Ems Canal connecting Dortmund to the North Sea is Europe's largest canal port with 10 piers and 11 km long pier. The different activities that took place at the Fraunhofer Institute Materials Flow and Logistics (Fraunhofer Society), in recent years, have led to a number of skills in logistics and digitalization in the city. Industry-based initiatives and pilot projects, such as Hybrid Services in Logistic innovation labs, LogisticsRuhr efficiency clusters, Industrial Data Room, Dortmund Mittelstand 4.0 Center of Excellence, and company lab. Digital Hub for Logistics The Federal Ministry for Economic and Energy Affairs is based in Dortmund and twins with Hamburg.

Companies with major logistics hubs for Germany and Europe in Dortmund include:

• Amazon
• IKEA
• Seniors
• Rhenus Logistics
• Schenker AG

Exhibition

Dortmund is home to 12 of Germany's largest exhibition centers, Halls of Westphalia located near the city center next to Dortmund Airport. With around 77,000 visitors annually, Jagd & amp; Hund is by far the biggest event held there. Other important exhibits open to consumers include "Intermodelbau", the world's largest consumer exhibition for modeling, and one of the premier exhibitions for youth culture "YOU". Important exhibits are limited to professionals including "D.I.M" (Deutsche Immobilienmesse, German property fair), Creativa (Hobby) and InterTabac (Tabaco).

src: www.cityfahrten.de

Federal agencies and public organizations

Dortmund is the home of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Materials Testing Office of North Rhine-Westphalia materials and the main customs office.

Consulate

As a very international city, Dortmund hosts the diplomatic missions (consulates and consulates general) from Italy, Greece, Bangladesh, Ghana, South Africa, the Czech Republic and Slovenia.

Court

Some courts are located in Dortmund, including:

• Landgericht Dortmund (Dortmund County Court)
• Amtsgericht Dortmund (Dortmund Local Court)
• Sozialgericht Dortmund (Dortmund Social Court)
• Arbeitsgericht Dortmund (Dortmund Job Court)

src: i.ytimg.com

Media

Newspapers

Two important daily newspapers were published in and around Dortmund. The conservative Ruhr Nachrichten , also known as RN , was founded in 1949. RN has a circulation of over 225,000 copies per day. Another important newspaper, WestfÃÆ'¤lische Rundschau , was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000. WR was published by the publisher of the third largest German newspaper and magazine Funke Mediengruppe '.'

Magazines

Some magazines also come from Dortmund. Rock hard (magazine) is a metal and hard rock magazine, with subsidiaries in various countries around the world, including France, Spain, Brazil/Portugal, Italy and Greece. Vision is a German music magazine with a circulation of around 35,000.

Radio and TV

Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR, West Germany Broadcasting Cologne has a large studio in Dortmund, responsible for the eastern region of Ruhr Every day, it produces a 30-minute regional news news magazine called Lokalzeit Ruhr, 5-minute evening news, and several radio news programs.An local radio station named Radio 91.2 went "on-the-air" in the early 1990s.Set.1 has a regional studio in Dortmund.The city stands side by side with London and Paris as one one of the three headquarters of Global Tamil Vision and GTV-Deutschland.

Two Great Radio Channels Westdeutscher Rundfunk is being sent from Dortmund.

• WDR 2, featuring popular adult music, is heavily focused on national and regional news, current affairs, and sports.
• WDR 4 (moto: Melodien fÃÆ'¼r ein gutes GefÃÆ'¼hl , "Melodies for good feelings") is a channel intended primarily for older viewers. The focus is on melodious music - in particular, old songs and classic hits: popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later - with more specialized programs (operetta, country, people) at night. About 30-40% of WDR 4's music output consists of German-language songs.

Other radio broadcasters include Radio NRW and eldoradio *.

Movies

Trains'n'Roses movies, Bang Boom Bang, Oi! Warning, Do Fish Do It ?, If It Do not Fit, Use Bigger Hammer, Guys and Balls, Golden times, Marija (movie) and play the scene, Balko, the hero of the Circle class and more German films such as Crocodile, Dragonflies and The Rhino, A Schnitzel for Everyone, Light and Home Radio What's Filmed in the City.

src: dortmund.homecompany.de

Education

Dortmund has 160 schools and 17 businesses, technical colleges teach more than 85,000 students. The city has a 4 year basic education program. After finishing elementary school, students proceed to Hauptschule, Realschule, Gesamtschule or Gymnasium (college prep school). The Stadtgymnasium Dortmund which was founded in 1543 as Archigymnasium is one of the oldest schools in Europe. Leibniz Gymnasium, a bilingual public school located in the Kreuzviertel district, is popular with children from the English expatriate community. School is an international Baccalaalaureate school.

Higher education

The Technical University of Dortmund, founded in 1968, is located in the southern part of the city. It has about 30,000 students and various subjects in physics, electrical engineering, chemistry, spatial planning and economics. The university has its own train station at the main gate of the campus which is only seven minutes from the city center. The university is highly ranked in terms of its research performance in the fields of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry and economics. The most visible university landmarks are the H-Bahn, a monorail train connecting the northern and southern campuses.

The University of Applied Arts and Art of Dortmund is Fachhochschule with 12,300 students, and 669 staff, 232 of whom are professors. The Fachhochschule was created by the incorporation of several higher education institutions in 1971. Due to its history as a separate institution, it consists of three campuses in different parts of Dortmund. The Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering is located in SonnenstraÃÆ'Ÿe near the city center. The design department has its own campus at Max-OphÃÆ'¼ls-Platz while the social, economic, computer science and architecture departments are housed in several buildings next to the Technical University of Dortmund campus on the outskirts of Eichlinghofen. Additional offices in the city center are used for administrative purposes.

The city is the site of several other universities, colleges and academies, which attract about 45,000 students. Among them are:

• FOM Hochschule fÃÆ'¼r Oekonomie & amp; Management, Standort Dortmund : Academy for management, founded in 1993.
• Fachhochschule fÃÆ'¼r ÃÆ'¶ffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen : Academy for public administration.
• School of International Management : A private academy focused on management and economics, established in 1990.
• IT-Center Dortmund : Private university founded in 2000.
• University of Applied Sciences International Bad Honnef - Bonn : is a private university, a recognized business and management university

Research

The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association and the Max Planck Society, which are independent, or simply loosely connected with the university.

src: wikitravel.org

Life power and quality of life

In November 2017, according to a study by data from the German National Statistics Office, the National Employment Agency, Mercer, Handelsblatt, Numbeo and Immowelt, Dortmund was ranked seventh as Germany's habitable city for expatriates. In September 2017, the New York Times praised the city of Dortmund, which has been adapting since the collapse of a century of long steel and coal industry and is shifting to high-tech biomedical technology, microcomputer technology as well as service as a star hidden from structural changes with good quality of life for employers. By Global Least & amp; Most Stressful City Ranking Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the World. It is ranked 27th of 150th between Copenhagen and Vancouver and ranked high in the Traffic & amp; Public Transport, Gender equality and debt per capital.

As Phoenix Ascends from Ashes and is a model for structural transformation - This is the title of the article in the online version of Neue ZÃÆ'¼rcher Zeitung about the city's exciting new architecture and feasibility in Dortmund. In 2015/2016, Dortmund is the seven-best city for students in Germany.

In a 2012 study of Germany's largest habitable cities, Dortmund topped the list between Nurmberg and Stuttgart and first of all the big cities in Germany because of sports, gastronomy and shopping opportunities.

In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a city of Node in the City Innovation Index published by 2thinknow and is the most sustainable city in Germany.

src: d1bvpoagx8hqbg.cloudfront.net

Culture

The city has a long tradition of music and theater. The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called the Dortmunder Philharmoniker. The first opera house built in 1904, was destroyed in World War II and reopened in 1966 as Opernhaus Dortmund. It is operated by Dortmund Theater along with other locations, including (since 2002) Konzerthaus Dortmund. Konzerthaus Dortmund is listed on ECHO's list as one of 21 most famous concert venues in Europe.

The Domicil Jazz Club is one of the 100 best jazz venues in the world, "according to American Jazz magazin Down Beat.

Dortmund U-Tower, once a brewery, is now the center of Europe for the creative economy and Museum am Ostwall. The area around U-Tower called "Union Viertel" is part of Creative.Quarters Ruhr and is rooted in the Capital of European Culture RUHR.2010.

The main cabaret stage of Dortmund is Queue Cabaret, located next to Lake phoenix. Some of the other famous cabaret stages are Fletch Bizzel and the Olpktetal theater. The most important cabaret event is RuhrHOCHdeutsch, which is one of the most successful cabaret festivals in Germany. It features artists from all over the world.

Dortmund is also famous for its Christmas market, which attracts more than three and a half million visitors from 300 stalls around a giant Christmas tree that stands 45 meters tall. The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicious food.

Recreation

Botanischer Garten Rombergpark, or informally Rombergpark, is a large city arboretum and botanical gardens located south of Dortmund's city center. With a total area of ​​65 hectares, Rombergpark is one of the largest botanical gardens in the world. The park was founded in 1822 as the Romberg family's English landscape park. In 1927-1929 it was acquired by the city and under the director of town planning Richard Nose was upgraded by a small herb garden. The park and castle were badly damaged in World War II, but beginning in 1950 the director Gerd KrÃÆ'¼ssmann rebuilt it as an arboretum, adding about 4,500 species to the park. Today the park contains a historic English landscape park with monuments; arboretum containing thousands of species of woody plants, including some of the largest trees in North Rhine-Westphalia; terrace with palm trees; and four greenhouses (1000 mÃ,² total area) for cactus and succulents, ferns, tropical plants, and camellias, jasmine, and lemon.

The Dortmund Zoo is a zoological park with 28 hectares next to Rombergpark and was founded in 1953. With 1,800 animals belonging to 250 species, the Dortmund Zoo is the second largest in the Ruhr Valley. It is specialized in maintaining and breeding South American species and leading in breeding giant pangolin, tamandua and giant otter.

Westfalenpark is Dortmund's most popular inner city park. The park is 72 hectares and is one of the largest urban parks in Germany. It was first opened in 1959 as the second Bundesgartenschau (abbr. BUGA) in North Rhine-Westphalia. With the National Rosarium with 3,000 different rose varieties, theme parks, environmental protection centers, the German Cookbook Museum, geological parks, cafes and recreation areas, provide many opportunities for diverse daily activities. Westfalenpark Dortmund is also a popular location for events in the Ruhr area - with parties, festivals, events, theaters, music and flea markets and gardens. One of the best views across the Ruhr valley is offered by the visitor's platform and the revolving restaurant in the 209-meter-tall Florian tower. Another summer attraction is the chair lift, which opened in 1959 and operates on Sundays between the "Mountain" and "Valley" stations 500 meters away.

Museum

With more than 20 museums, Dortmund has one of the largest museums in the Ruhr Valley. There are several anchor points on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Museum am Ostwall (known as Museum am Ostwall until 2010) is a museum of modern and contemporary art. The company was founded in the late 1940s, and has been located in Dortmund U-Tower since 2010. Its collection includes paintings, sculptures, objects and photographs from the 20th century, plus over 2,500 graphics, covering Expressionism through modern art classic to date. day. At the heart of this collection are Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Otto Mueller, Emil Nolde and graphics by Pablo Picasso from the 1940s and '50s, plus others by Joan MirÃÆ'³, Marc Chagall and Salvador DalÃÆ'.

The German Football Museum (Germany: Deutsches FuÃÆ'Ÿballmuseum ) aka DFB-Museum is the national museum for German football. It is located close to Hauptbahnhof Dortmund and is part of the arts and cultural milestone between the Dortmund U-Tower creative center and the Dortmund Theater, which was established to preserve, preserve and interpret an important collection of football memorabilia. In its permanent exhibition, the Museum presents the history of the German national football team and the Bundesliga.

Museum fÃÆ'¼r Kunst und Kulturgeschichte or MKK ( Museum of Art and Cultural History ) is a city museum located in the Art Deco building that was once the Savings Bank Dortmund. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and applied art, depicting Dortmund's cultural history from the beginning to the 20th century. There are temporary regular art and cultural exhibitions, as well as a permanent exhibit on the history of the survey, with rare geodetic instruments.

The Steinwache is a memorial museum of the exhibition Widerstand und Verfolgung in Dortmund 1933-1945 ("Resistance and Persecution in Dortmund 1933-1945"), which shows persecution under National Socialism with many photos, short texts and sometimes with reports from contemporary witnesses. The museum is located in an old prison and has a reputation as Die HÃÆ'¶lle von Westdeutschland ("West Germany Hell"). Between 1933 and 1945 more than 66,000 people were imprisoned in Steinwache prison.

Other important museums in Dortmund are:

• DASA - Arbeitswelt Ausstellung (German Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition)
• North Rhine-Westphalia Archival Architecture
• Borusseum (Museum Borussia Dortmund)
• Zollern II/IV Colliery (tech building monument

  Source of the article : Wikipedia