English number words includes numbers and various words coming from it, as well as a large number of words borrowed from other languages.
Video English numerals
Nomor kardinal
Cardinal numbers refer to group size. In English, these words are numbers.
If a number is in the range of 21 to 99, and the second digit is non-zero, it is usually written as a number two words separated by a dash.
In English, hundreds are very regular, except that the word hundred remains in a single form regardless of the previous figure.
So do thousands, with thousands followed by the word "thousand".
In American usage, the four-digit number is often named using a "hundred" multiplier and combined with tens and one: "one thousand three three", "two hundred twenty five", "four thousand forty two", or "ninety-nine hundred ninety-nine. " In English usage, this style is common for multiples of 100 between 1,000 and 2,000 (eg 1,500 as "fifteen hundred") but not for higher numbers.
Americans can pronounce four-digit numbers with non-zero numbers and one as double-digit pairs without saying "hundred" and entering "oh" to zero dozens: "twenty-six fifty-nine" or "forty-one oh five". This use may have evolved from specific uses over the years; "nineteen-eighty-one", or of the four-digit number used in the American telephone numbering system which was originally two letters followed by a number followed by a four-digit number, then with a three-digit number followed by four digit numbers. This is avoided for numbers less than 2500 if the context can mean confusion with time of day: "ten ten" or "twelve oh four".
The intermediate numbers read differ depending on their usage. Their typical naming occurs when numbers are used to calculate. Another way is when they are used as labels. The second column method is more commonly used in American English than English English. The third column is used in English English but rarely in American English (although the use of second and third columns is not always interchangeable directly between two regional variants). In other words, English English and American English may seem amenable, but that depends on the particular situation (in this example, the bus number).
Note : When writing a check (or check ), the number 100 is always written "one hundred". It was never "a hundred".
In American English, many students are taught not to use the word and anywhere in any part of the number, so it is not used before tens and numbers. It is instead used as a verbal separator when dealing with multiple numbers. So, instead of "three hundred and seventy-three", people would say "three hundred and seventy-three". Although this rule, and is used by some Americans in reading numbers that contain dozens and one as an alternative variant.
Very large number
For figures above one million, there are three main systems for naming numbers in English (for prefix usage such as kilo- for a thousand, mega- for a million, milli- for one thousandth, etc. See SI unit):
- long scale (previously used in English but now less so) points to a numerical name system in which a thousand million is called miliard , and billion is used for one million million. This system is still used in several other European languages.
- The short scale (always used in American English and almost always in English English) designates a system of numerical names in which a thousand million is called billion , and the word miliard not used.
- the Indian numbering system, widely used in South Asia.
The figures passing through a trillion in a short-scale system, in 1000 rising strengths, are as follows: quadrillion, quintillion, sexy, septillion, octillion, nonillion, decillion, undecillion, duodecillion, tredecillion, quattuordecillion, quindecillion, sexdecillion, septendecillion, octodecillion, novemdecillion and vigintillion (which is 10 to 63, or one followed by 63 zeros). The highest number in this series listed in the modern dictionary is centillion, which is 10 to the power of 303. The interim strength of a thousand between vigintillion and centillion has no standard name, nor does it have higher strength, but there are many ad hoc extensions used. The highest figure listed in Robert Munafo's table of such unofficial names is milli-millillion, which was created as a name for 10 with a force of 3,000,003.
Googolplex is often referred to as the largest named number in English. If googol is ten to one hundred strength, then googolplex is one followed by a zero googol (that is, ten with googol strength). There are coins, very little use, ten for the power of googolplex, from the word googolplexplex.
The terms arab , kharab , padm and shankh are more commonly found in older books on Indian mathematics.
Here are some composite figures combined in American English:
Often, large numbers are written with half-spaced or separated spaces (and sometimes without disconnection) that separate thousands (and, occasionally, with normal spaces or apostrophes) instead of commas - to ensure that confusion is not caused in countries where decimal commas are used. So, a million is often written 1 000 000.
In some areas, dots (or Ã, Â ·) can also be used as thousands separators, but later, the decimal separator must be a comma (,). In English, dots (.) Are used as decimal separators, and commas (,) as thousands separators.
Maps English numerals
Custom numbers
The combination of numbers in most sports scores is read as in the following example:
- 1-0 Ã, English English: one-zero ; American English: nothing , one-zip , or one-zero
- 0-0 English English: nil-nil or nil all ; American English: zero-zero or nothing , (sometimes non-goals or i>)
- 2-2 two-two or two all ; American English also pair , two or two , even two , or two .
The tennis scoring naming conventions (and related sports) are different from other sports.
The centuries of Italian culture have names in English borrowed from Italian:
- duecento "(twelve two) two hundred" for 1200 to 1299, or about the 13th century
- 14th century trecento
- quattrocento of the 15th century
- the 16th century cinquecento
- a seventeenth-century seicento
- the 18th century settecento
- the 19th century ottocento
- the 20th century novecento
multiplicative adverbs
Some numbers have multiplier numbers (adverbs) that state how many times multiple events occurred:
Compare the number of times this special to indicate how many times something is (adjective):
English also has multiple multipliers and distributive numbers, such as singular .
Another example is given in Specialist Number.
Negative numbers
The negative number name is the name of the corresponding positive number that begins with "minus" or (American English) "negative". So -5.2 is "minus five point two" or "negative five point two". For temperatures, the North American colloquially says "below" - short for "below zero" - so the temperature -5 Â ° is "five under" (vice versa, for example, for "two above" for 2 Â ° ). This is sometimes used for emphasis when referring to some temperatures or ranges of both positive and negative. This is very common in Canada where the use of Celsius in weather forecast means that temperatures can regularly hover above and below zero at certain times of the year.
ordinal number
The ordinal number refers to the position in the series. Ordinal general includes:
Zeroth means only when the count starts with zero, which occurs in the context of mathematics or computer science.
Ordinal numbers such as 21st, 33rd, etc. are formed by combining cardinal ten with ordinal units.
The higher ordinals are not often written in words, unless they are round numbers (one thousandth, millions, billion). They are written using digits and letters as described below. Here are some rules to keep in mind.
- Suffix -th , -st , -nd and -rd are sometimes written superscript above the number itself.
- If the number of tens digits is 1, write "th" after the number. For example: 13th, 19th, 112th, 9311th.
- If the dozens of digits are not equal to 1, use the following table:
- For example: 2, 7, 20, 23, 52, 135, 301st.
This ordinal abbreviation is actually a hybrid contraction of a number and a word. First is "1" "st" from "fir st ". Similarly, "nd" is used for "seco nd " and "rd" for "thi rd ". In the field of law and in some old publications, the ordinal abbreviations for "second" and "third" are simply "d".
- For example: 42d, 33d, 23d.
NB: The practice of using "d" to show "second" and "third" is still frequently followed in numerical appointments of units in the US armed forces, eg 533d Squadron, and in quotes law for the second and third series of case journalists.
Any ordinal names that do not end in "first", "second", or "third" ends in "th".
Date
There are a number of ways to read the year. The following table offers a list of valid pronunciation and alternate pronunciation for each Gregorian calendar year.
Fractions and decimals
In spoken English, the serial number is also used to measure denominations of fractions. So the "fifth" can mean the element between the fourth and sixth, or the fraction made by dividing the unit into five parts. In this usage, ordinal numbers can be clarified: one seventh, two seven. The single exception to this rule is division by two. The term "second" ordinal can only refer to a location in a series; for fractions English speakers use the term 'half' (plural "part").
Here are some common English factions (known linguistically as "partitive numbers"):
As an alternative, and for larger numbers, one can say for 1/2 "one-two", for 5/8 "five on eight", and so on. This "over" shape is also widely used in mathematics.
The numbers with the decimal point can be read as the cardinal number, then "and", then another cardinal number followed by an indication of the significance of the second cardinal number (mainly the US); or as a cardinal number, followed by a "dot", and then with fractional digits. Significant indications take the form of the fraction denominator which denotes the division by the smallest power of ten is greater than the second cardinal. This is modified when the first cardinal is zero, in which case zero or "and" is not spoken, but zero is optional in the "dot" form of the fraction.
For example:
- 0.002 is "two per thousand" (notably US); or "zero zero zero", "oh oh oh two", "zero zero zero zero", etc.
- 3,1416 is "three comma one four one six"
- 99.3 is "ninety nine and three tenth" (primarily US); or "ninety nine coma three".
In English the decimal point originally printed in the middle of the line (0 Ã, Â ° 002), but with the advent of the typewriter it is placed at the bottom of the line, so a single key can be used as a full stop/point and as a decimal point. In many non-English languages, the full-stop point at the bottom of the line is used as a thousands separator with a comma used as a decimal point.
Fractions along with integers read as follows:
- 1 1/2 is "one half"
- 6 1/4 is "six and a quarter"
- 7 5/8 "seven and five per eighth"
A space is needed between the whole number and the fraction; however, if special fraction characters are used like "Ã,½", then space can be performed without, e.g.
- 9 1/2
- 9Ã,½
Will use figures or words
With few exceptions, most grammatical texts specify that zeros to nine inclusions must be "written" - instead of "1" and "2", people will write "one" and "two".
- Example: "I have two apples." (Preferably)
- Example: "I have 2 apples."
After "nine", one can go straight back to 10, 11, 12, etc., although some write numbers up to "twelve".
- Example: "I have 28 grapes." (Preferably)
- Example: "I have twenty-eight wines."
Another common use is to write down any number that can be declared as one or two words, and use the opposite number.
- Example:
- "There are six million dogs." (Preferably)
- "There are 6,000,000 dogs."
- "That's one hundred and twenty-five oranges." (English English)
- "That's one hundred and twenty-five oranges." (US-American English)
- "That's 125 oranges." (Preferably)
The number at the beginning of the sentence should also be written, or the phrase is reformulated.
The rules above are not always followed. In the literature, larger numbers may be spelled out. On the other hand, numbers may be more commonly used in technical or financial articles, where many figures are discussed. In particular, two different forms should not be used for numbers that serve the same purpose; for example, not to write, "Among the twelfth and fifteenth days of the study, the population doubled."
Numbers
English everyday language has a small vocabulary of blank numbers that can be used when there is uncertainty for the right amount to use, but it is desirable to define the general range: specific, the terms "umpteen", "umpty", and "zillion". It is etymologically derived from various affixes:
- "- teen" (designates a range between 10 and 20)
- "- ty" (specifies the range as a decade between 20 and 100)
- "- illion" (specifying a range as above 1,000,000, or, more generally, as very large).
Prefix "ump-" is added to the first two suffixes to generate blank numbers "some" and "umpty": it is an uncertain origin. There is a visible absence from empty numbers in the hundreds range.
Use of blank numbers:
- The words "umpteen" can be used as an adjective, as in "I have to go to some stores to find the right shoes." It can also be used to modify larger numbers, usually "million", as in "The age of a thousand people watch the show, but they still cancel it."
- "Umpty" is not commonly used. This can appear in the form of "umpty-one" (parallelling use in numbers like "twenty-one"), as in "There is one wrong way to make mistakes." "Umpty-ump" is also heard, although "ump" is never used by itself.
- The word "zillion" can be used as an adjective, modifying the noun. The noun phrase usually contains unlimited articles "a", as in "There should be a billion pages on the World Wide Web."
- "zillions" plural represent much larger numbers than "millions" or "billions". In this case, the construction is parallel to that for "millions" or "billions", with numbers used as plural multiple nouns, followed by preposition phrases with "from", as in "There are zillions of sand grains on the world's shores."
- An empty number is sometimes created, with a clear meaning: "squillions" is obviously an empty number, but very large; "squintillionth" would be a very small number.
- Some blank numbers can be modified by actual numbers, such as "four zilts", and used for jokes, exaggerations, or to relate abstractly with actual numbers.
- An empty number is a colloquial language, and is primarily used in oral speech or informal context. They are not worthy of formal or scientific use.
See also Placeholder name.
See also
- Unlimited and fictitious numbers
- List of numbers
- Long and short scales
- Large names
- Natural numbers
- Prefix and derivation numbers
References
External links
- English Numbers - explanations, exercises and number generators (cardinal numbers and order numbers)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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