Incident Ni ? ihau occurred on December 7-13, 1941, when the Japanese Imperial Air Force pilot, Shigenori Nishikaichi (????
The native Hawaiians on the island were initially unaware of the attack, but captured Nishikaichi when the gravity of the situation became clear. Nishikaichi then sought and received help from three Japanese islanders of Japanese descent on the island in overcoming his captors, finding weapons, and taking several hostages. Finally, Nishikaichi was killed by Niihauans Benehakaka "Ben" Kanahele and Kealoha "Ella" Kanahele; Ben Kanahele was injured in the process, and one of Nishikaichi's supporters, Yoshio Harada, committed suicide.
The incidents and actions of Nishikaichi's perpetrators show Japan's potential national loyalty among immigrant Japanese citizens to work against US war effort. This may ultimately affect Franklin D. Roosevelt's decision to apprentice Japanese Americans during World War II. Ben Kanahele was decorated for his part in stopping the takeover, but Ella Kanahele did not receive official recognition.
Video Niihau incident
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Ni ? ihau, the smallest and smallest small island in the main Hawaiian Islands, has been privately owned by the Robinson family, a family of
Prior to the Pearl Harbor attack, the Imperial Japanese Navy has designated Ni ? ihau, mistakenly believed to be uninhabited, as the location for the aircraft being damaged in a ground attack. The pilots were told they could wait on the island until they were rescued by the submarine.
Maps Niihau incident
Incident
Nishikaichi crash-lands
On December 7, 1941, the Airman First Class of Shigenori Nishikaichi (circa 1919-13 December 1941), who had taken part in the second wave of the Pearl Harbor attack, landed his damaged fighter A6M2 Zero "B11 -120" from Hiryu's , in the Ni field? ihau near where Hawila Kaleohano (1912-1986), a native of Hawaii, stood up. Kaleohano was unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor, but knew from the newspaper that relations between the US and Japan were bad because of Japanese expansionism and the US oil embargo in Japan. Recognizing Nishikaichi and his plane as Japanese, Kaleohano considered it wise to free his pilot pistol and paper before the dazed pilot could react. He and other Hawaiians gathered to treat the pilot with traditional Hawaiian courtesy and hospitality, even having a party for him later that Sunday afternoon. However, the people of Hawaii can not understand Nishikaichi, who only speaks Japanese with limited English. They sent for Ishimatsu Shintani born in Japan (an issei ), who married a native of Hawaii, to translate.
Having been briefed on the previous situation and approaching the task with a clear hatred, Shintani simply exchanged words with the pilot and left without explanation. The confused Hawaiian people are then sent to Yoshio Harada, who was born in Hawaii ? i from the Japanese ancestor, and his wife Irene (Irene is issei ), both of which are residual Ni populations? ihau from the Japanese ancestors. Nishikaichi informs Harada about the attack on Pearl Harbor, a revelation that Harada thought was wise not to share with non-Japanese natives. Nishikaichi desperately wanted his papers returned, which he was told should not fall into American hands, but Kaleohano refused to return them. Haradas decided to assist Nishikaichi in retrieving his documents and escaping.
News about Pearl Harbor attack
Ni ? I had no electricity or phone, but later that night, the Hawaiians heard a radio report about Pearl Harbor's attack on a battery-operated radio. The Hawaiians face the pilot, and this time Harada translates what was said about the attack. The island owner, Aylmer Robinson, is scheduled to arrive on his regular weekly trip from Kaua ? i, a much larger island just 17 miles (27 km) away, the next morning. It was decided that the pilot would return to Kaua ? i with Robinson.
Robinson did not arrive on Monday as the US military has instituted a ban on ship traffic on the islands within hours of the attack. He also did not arrive in the following days. Ni'ihua, unaware of the ban, is confused and very uncomfortable that Robinson, who is usually reliable, has not been seen since the attack. Haradas' request to have the pilots stay with them was approved, but with a contingent of four guards. Now there are many opportunities for Harada to converse with Nishikaichi.
At four o'clock on December 12, Shintani approached Kaleohano in person with $ 200 cash, which is a large sum for Ni'ihua. He tried to buy the pilot paper, but Kaleohano refused again. Shintani unhappily left, saying there would be a problem if his letters were not returned, that it was a matter of life and death. Harada and Nishikaichi, not awaiting the arrival of Shintani, attacked the only guard stationed outside Harada's home, while Irene Harada, Yoshio's wife, played music on the phonograph to cover up the voice of the struggle. Three other guards were stationed to oversee Harada's residence, but were absent during the attack. The guard was locked in the shed, where Harada bought the shotgun and the pilot gun that had been stored there. Thus armed, they proceed to Kaleohano's house. After separating from Shintani just five or ten minutes earlier, Kaleohano was outside his home when he saw Harada and Nishikaichi coming, along with a 16-year-old prisoner they thrust along with a gun. Kaleohano remained hidden in the outhouse, and the conspirators, unable to find him, turned their attention to the nearest plane. Seeing his chance, Kaleohano came out of the toilet. He heard "Stop! Stop!" and the pounding of a rifle as he ran for his life. Kaleohano warned nearby villagers, warning them to evacuate. Many do not believe that their good friends and neighbors, Harada, whom they know very well and who have lived among them for almost three years, can do things related to Kaleohano. When the captive guards fled and reached the village, the villagers fled - women and children to caves, bushes and distant beaches.
Kaleohano's midnight
Robinson already know that there is a problem with Ni ? ihau because Niihauans has transmitted signals towards Kaua ? i with a lantern and a kerosene reflector. Meanwhile, Nishikaichi failed to try to make contact with the Japanese military using the plane radio that fell. With the help of Harada and one of their captives in Hawaii, they removed at least one of two 7.7 mm machine guns on a Japanese fighter with some ammunition, set fire to aircraft, and proceeded to Kaleohano's house, which they burned at around 3 am in the latest attempt to destroy the Nishikaichi newspaper, which included maps, radio codes, and Pearl Harbor attack plans.
Conclusion
That night, other Ni'ihau residents, Kaahakila Kalimahuluhulu, known as Kalima, had also been captured. He was released to help find Kaleohano, who escaped with the Nishikaichi newspaper. Instead, Kalima asked his friend Benehakaka "Ben" Kanahele to slip back in the darkness to steal machine guns and ammunition. That morning, Saturday, December 13, Harada and Nishikaichi arrested Kanahele and his wife, Kealoha "Ella" Kanahele (1907-1974), as well as native inhabitants of the island. They ordered Kanahele to find Kaleohano, keeping Ella as hostage. Kanahele knows that Kaleohano is rowing towards Kaua ? but pretending to search for it. She soon became worried about Ella and returned to her. Nishikaichi realizes he's being deceived. Harada told Kanahele that the pilot would kill him and everyone in the village if Kaleohano was not found.
Kanahele and his wife, taking advantage of the fatigue and despair of the two who caught him, jumped in their direction as the pilot handed the rifle to Harada. When Nishikaichi pulled the gun from her shoe, Ella Kanahele grabbed her arm and lowered it. Harada pulled him from the pilot, who then shot Ben Kanahele three times: in his crotch, abdomen, and upper legs. However, Kanahele was still able to take Nishikaichi, in the same way as he raised the sheep that were commercially bred on the island, and threw the pilot into the stone wall. Ella Kanahele then hit her head with a rock, and Ben cut her throat with a hunting knife. Harada then turned the gun on herself, committed suicide.
After the incident, Ella Kanahele asks for help, dropping a rifle and a pistol down the street. (About five years later, a flood sweeps a rifle to the wall where it was found by the islanders Pistol and one machine gun were never found.) Ben Kanahele was taken to Waimea Hospital in Kaua ? me to recover; he was awarded a Medal for Merit and Purple Heart, but his wife did not receive official recognition.
Next afternoon, December 14, military authority, six Hawaiians who have rowed to Kaua ? i, and Robinson arrived together.
Post incident
Grieving Irene Harada and Ishimatsu Shintani were arrested. Shintani was sent to an intern camp and then rejoined his family in Ni ? ihau, where he obtained his US citizenship in 1960.
Irene Harada was jailed for 31 months, released in June 1944. She was never charged with treason, or other crimes resulting from the incident. He maintained his innocence, but added in a 1992 interview with Japanese television that he felt sorry for the pilot and wanted to help him. He moved to Kauai island. Mitsuo Fuchida, a naval commander during an attack on Pearl Harbor and then a Christian evangelist who settled in the US, visited him after a short trip to Ni'ihau Island.
Composer R. Alex Anderson was inspired by the incident to write "They Can not Take Niihau, Nohow!" It was played on August 15, 1945, when Kanahele was decorated for the part she played defending her country by Lieutenant General Robert C. Richardson at Army Headquarters, Fort Shafter, Honolulu.
Repercussions
Historian Gordon Prange notes that it is "the speed with which three Japanese inhabitants go to pilot destinations" that make it difficult for the Hawaiians. "The more pessimist among them calls the incident Ni ? ihau as proof that no one can trust the Japanese, even if an American citizen, does not go to Japan if it appears wise."
Novelist William Hallstead argues that the incidence of Ni ? ihau has an influence on the decisions that lead to the American detention of America. According to Hallstead, Shintani and Haradas behaviors were included in an official Navy report dated January 26, 1942. The author, Navy Lieutenant CB Baldwin, wrote, "The fact that two Japanese ives did not show any anti- The Americans went to the aid of the pilots when Japanese dominance on the island seemed possible, suggesting the possibility that Japanese residents previously believed to be loyal to the United States could help Japan if further Japanese attacks seem successful.
Legacy
Memorial
The coastal city of Hashihama, Imabari, Ehime, Japan, erected a 12-foot granite stone in the honor of their native son while still believing that he had perished on the day of the assault on December 7, 1941. For years, Nishikaichi's body was that of a Japanese soldier who was not known, and it was not until 1956 that the circumstances of his death were revealed to his family and his ashes claimed by them. Engraved in the column is what was believed at the time: "After spending every effort, he achieved the greatest honor of all people by dying dead soldiers in battle, destroying him and his favorite plane... His virtue will live forever." In June 2017, nafuda pilot, a set of seven wooden sticks carrying the names of colleagues from Airman 1st Class Nishikaichi, identification marks of his Zero, and his administrative command, were returned to his family in Japan.
Museum exhibition and controversy
Both the remnants of Zero Nishikaichi and the one from the old tractor he used to travel to the landing of the ship were permanently displayed at the Pacific Aviation Museum of Pearl Harbor at Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. A Japanese-American group in Hawaii criticized the original design of the museum's look. Threatening that federal funds be kept secret, they demanded that the museum remove Harada's mention from the screen. The Robinsons were very unhappy with censorship of information about Haradas, mainly because they had donated plane and tractor pieces based on what they were told about how the screen would read. The exhibition stated that Yoshio Harada committed suicide after the incident but did not mention his wife.
Note
References
Further reading
- Frank, Richard B (July 2009). "Zero Hour on Niihau". World War II . Weider History Group. 24 (2): 54-61. ISSN 0898-4204.
- East Wind, Rain , a 2006 historical novel about the incident, by Caroline Paul.
- The Turncoats on Niihau Island , complete Chapter 1 of In Dynamic Defense by Michelle Malkin
- Hallstead, William. (January 1, 2000) "Incident Niihau." World War II 14.5
- Incident at Niihau Island Jason Bellows Updated December 7, 2015
- Stepien, Edward R. (1988) [1984]. "Appendix B: The Battle of Ni? Ihau". Ni? ihau, Brief History . 2 . Honolulu: Pacific Island Study Center, Hawaii School, Asia & amp; Pacific Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa. pp.Ã, 198-210.
External links
- NISHIKAICHI/NI'IHAU Zero, Part 1: Mystery Machine Rifle Missing! on j-aircraft.com
- NISHIKAICHI/NI'IHAU Zero, Part 2: Other NI'IHAU Artifacts at j-aircraft.com
- NISHIKAICHI/NI'IHAU Zero, Part 3: More NI'IHAU Zero Artifacts at j-aircraft.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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