Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grinding the ball in the court of another team under organized rules. It has been part of the official Summer Olympic program since 1964.
The complete rules are broad, but only, play the following results: players in one team start a 'rally' by serving the ball (throwing or releasing it and then hitting it by hand or arm), from behind the back of the court line, recipient team court. The receiving team should not allow the ball to be grounded in their courts. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players can not touch the ball twice in a row. Typically, the first two tactics are used to set up an attack, an attempt to redirect the ball back through the net in such a way that the service team can not prevent it from grounding in their courts.
The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until (1): the team creates a kill, subdues the ball on the opponent's field and wins the rally; or (2): the team made a mistake and lost the rally. The team that won the rally awarded the points, and presents the ball to start the next rally. Some of the most common mistakes include:
The ball is usually played by hand or arm, but the player can attack or legally push (short contact) the ball with any body part.
A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (since the game is made above the net, vertical jump is an athletic skill emphasized in sports) and over , settings , and special player positions and offensive and defensive structures.
Video Volleyball
Histori
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In the winter of 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts William G. Morgan, director of YMCA's physical education, created a new game called Mintonette, a name derived from badminton, as a hobby to play (preferably) indoors and by a number of players. The game takes on some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was captured in the area, which had been found only ten miles (miles) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, just four years earlier. Mintonette is designed to be an indoor sport, less rugged than basketball, for older YMCA members, while still needing a bit of athletic endeavor.
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After an observer, Alfred Halstead, saw the volleyball nature of the game at his first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), a fast game known as volleyball (originally spelled with two words: " volleyball "). The volleyball regulations are slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the games are spread across the country to various YMCAs.
Refinements and subsequent developments
The first official ball used in volleyball is debated; some sources say that Spalding created the first official ball in 1896, while another claimed it was made in 1900. Rules evolved over time: in the Philippines in 1916, the skills and powers of sets and spikes had been introduced, and four years later the " punch "and the rule against hitting from the back row is set. In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points. In 1919, about 16,000 volleyball was distributed by the American Expeditionary Force to troops and allies, which sparked volleyball growth in new countries.
The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. The international Federation, FÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe (where mainly Italy, the Netherlands and the countries of Eastern Europe have been a major force since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other countries including China and throughout Asia, also like in the United States.
Beach volleyball, a variation of the game played in the sand and with only two players per team, became a variation supported by FIVB in 1987 and added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Volleyball is also a sport at Paralympics run by the World Volleyball Organization for Persons Defects.
Naked people are early adopters of the game by regular regular play at clubs as early as the late 1920s. In the 1960s, a volleyball court has become the standard in almost all nudist/naturist clubs.
Volleyball at the Olympics
Volleyball has been a part of the Summer Olympic program for men and women consistently since 1964.
Maps Volleyball
Game rules
Court dimensions
A volleyball court is 9 m m-18 m (29.5 ft Ã, 59.1 ft), divided into two square sections with a net with a width of one meter (39.4 inches). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7Ã, ft 11 11 / 16 at the top of the center of the court for male competitions, and 2.24m (7Ã, ft 4 3 / 16 di) for women's competition , varies for veterans and junior competitions.
The minimum altitude permit for indoor volleyball is 7 m (23.0 ft), although a permit of 8 m (26.2 ft) is recommended.
The 3 m (9.8 ft.) Line from and parallel to the net is considered as "attack line". This "3-meter" line (or "10-foot" line) divides the court into the "back row" and "front row" areas (as well as the back and front courts). These are in turn divided into 3 areas each: these are numbered as follows, starting from area "1", which is the position of the player serving:
After the team gets service (also known as siding), its members must rotate clockwise, with players previously located in area "2" moving to area "1" and so on, with players from area "1" moving to area "6". Each player only spins once after the team gets ownership of the service; next time every player spins will after the other team win the ball and lose points.
The court team is surrounded by an area called a free zone with a width of at least 3 meters and players can enter and play in after the ball service. All lines indicating the boundaries of the team trial and the attack zone are withdrawn or painted in a regional dimension and therefore are part of a court or zone. If the ball is in contact with the line, the ball is considered "signed in". The antenna is placed on each side of the net perpendicular to the sideline and is a vertical extension of the side border of the court. A ball passing through the net should actually pass through the antenna (or their theoretical extension to the ceiling) without contacting them.
Ball
The FIVB rule states that the ball must be round, made of leather or synthetic leather, has a circumference of 65-67 cm, weight 260-280 g and pressure in 0.30-0.325 kg/cm 2 . Other government agencies have similar rules.
Play game
Each team consists of six players. To start playing, the team is selected to serve with a coin toss. A player from the serving team throws the ball into the air and tries to hit the ball so that over the net on the pitch as it will land in the opposing team's court (who serve ). The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three contacts with a volley to return the ball to the opposing side of the goal. These contacts usually consist of bump or pass so that the ball path is directed to the player designated as setter ; seconds of the set (usually an over-hand pass using the wrist to push the fingertips on the ball) by the setter so that the ball path is aimed to a place where one of the players is designated as an attacker can hit him, and third by the attacker who spikes (jumps, raises one hand over his head and hits the ball so it will move quickly down to the ground on the opposing field) to return the ball past net. Teams with possession of the ball attempting to attack the ball as described are said to be in violation .
Teams in defense will try to prevent attackers from directing the ball to their court: players on the net jump and reach above the top (and if possible, across the plane) nets for the block's block attacked. If a ball is struck around, above, or through a block, the defender is set in the rest of the court trying to control the ball with excavation (usually a forward jump from the driven hard drive). After successful excavations, the team transitions to attack.
The game continues in this way, moving back and forth, until the ball touches the court within the limit or until an error is made. The most common mistake is to fail to return the ball over the net in three permissible touches, or cause the ball to land off the pitch. The ball is "deep" if any part touches the edge or finish line, and a strong spike can compress the ball enough when the first glimpse of the ball appears to actually enter. Players can travel well outside the court to play ball that has passed the edge or the finish line in the air.
Other common mistakes include the player touching the ball twice in a row, the player "catching" the ball, the player touches the net while trying to play the ball, or the player pierces under the net to the opposing court. There are a large number of other errors specified in the rules, although most of them are rare events. These errors include back-row players or libero spiking balls or blocking (rear-line players can jump the ball if they jump from behind the attack line), players are not in the correct position when the ball is presented, attack serve on the front court and above the altitude clean, use other players as a source of support to reach the ball, stepping over the back line while serving, taking more than 8 seconds to serve, or playing football while on the opposing court.
Scoring
When the ball contacts the floor within the boundaries of the court or mistakes are made, teams that make no mistakes are given points, whether they serve the ball or not. If the ball is about the line, the ball is counted as in. The team that won the points serves for the next point. If the team that won the points presented at the previous point, the same player will work again. If the team that won the points did not serve the previous points, the players of the renderer team rotated their positions on the pitch in a clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team scoring 25 points with a difference of two points given the set. Suitable is the best of the five sets and the fifth set, if necessary, usually played up to 15 points. (Scoring differs between league, tournament, and level; high school sometimes plays best-of-three to 25; in NCAA matches played best-of-five to 25 in the 2008 season)
Prior to 1999, points could be printed only when teams had serve ( side-out scoring ) and all sets went up to just 15 points. FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with mandatory changes in 2000) to use the current rating system (formerly known as the rally points system), especially to make the game lengths more predictable and make the game more friendly audience and friendly television.
The last year of side-out scoring at the NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship was 2000. The achievement of Rally points made its debut in 2001, and the game played up to 30 points until 2007. For the 2008 season, the game was named "set" and reduced to 25 points for win. Most high schools in the US changed to rally scores in 2003, and some states applied it experimentally in the previous year.
Libero
The libero player was introduced internationally in 1998, and debuted for the NCAA competition in 2002. Libero is a player who has defensive skills: the libero must wear a contrasting jersey color from his teammates and can not block or attack the ball when it is fully above the height clean. When the ball is not in the game, libero can replace the rear-line players, without prior notice to officials. This replacement is not counted against the substitution limit per team allowed per set, although the libero can be replaced only by the player he or she substituted. Most US high schools added a libero position from 2003 to 2005.
Libero can serve as a setter just under certain limitations. If he makes a set overhand, he should stand behind (and not step on) the 3 meter line; otherwise, the ball can not be attacked over the net in front of the 3-meter line. A free pass is allowed from any part of the court.
Libero, generally, the most skilled defender on the team. There are also libero tracking sheets, where the referees or pioneer teams must keep track of who goes in and out of libero. There may be only one libero per set (game), although there may be a different libero at the beginning of the new set (game).
Furthermore, libero is not allowed to serve, according to international rules, with the exception of the NCAA women's volleyball game, where changes to the 2004 rules allow the libero to serve, but only in certain rotations. That is, libero can only serve for one person, not for everyone for whom he enters. Changes to the rules were also applied to secondary and junior high schools soon after.
Recent rule changes
Other rule changes enacted in 2000 include allowing the service where the ball touches the net, as long as it passes the net into the opponent's field. Also, the service area is expanded to allow players to serve from anywhere behind the finish line but still in the theoretical extension of the sidelines. Other changes are made to ease the call on mistakes to bring and double touch, such as allowing multiple contacts by a single player ("double-hit") on the team's first contact provided they are part of a game on the ball.
In 2008, the NCAA changed the minimum number of points needed to win one of the first four sets from 30 to 25 for women's volleyball (men's volley remains 30 for 3 more years, switching to 25 in 2011.) If the fifth (decided) set is achieved, the minimum required score remains at 15. In addition, the word "game" is now referred to as "set".
Rule changes have been reviewed and announced by FIVB in recent years, and they have released updated rules in 2009.
Skill
The competitive team mastered six basic skills: serving, passing, organizing, attacking, blocking, and digging. Each of these skills consists of a number of specialized techniques that have been introduced over the years and are now considered standard practice in high-level volleyball.
Serve
A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball, in an attempt to push him into the opponent's field. The ultimate goal is to get him to land in court; it is also desirable to adjust the ball's direction, speed and acceleration so that it becomes difficult for the receiver to handle it properly. The service is called "ace" when the ball lands directly to court or travels outside the court after being touched by the opponent.
In contemporary volleyball, many types of services are used:
- Underhand: a service in which a player hits a ball below the waist, instead of throwing it up and hitting him with a throwing move that is too big. The services below are considered very easy to accept and rarely used in high-level competition.
- Sky ball serves: a particular type of underclass that is occasionally used on beach volleyball, where the ball is hit so high that it almost falls into a straight line. This service was created and used almost exclusively by Brazilian teams in the early 1980s and is now considered out of date. During the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, however, the sky ball serves widely played by Italian beach volleyball player Adrian Carambula. In Brazil, this service is called Jornada nas Estrelas (Star Trek)
- Topspin: an overhand serving where the player throws a high ball and strikes it with the wrist, giving it a topspin that causes it to fall faster than it should and helps maintain a straight flight path. Topspin services are generally hit hard and are intended for certain returns or parts of the court. Stand topspin serving rarely used above high school level playing.
- Float: an overhand serving where the ball is hit without a spin so the path becomes unpredictable, similar to a baseball in baseball.
- Jump serve: an overhand serve where the first ball is thrown high in the air, then the player makes a timed approach and jumps to make contact with the ball, hitting him at high speed and topspin. This is the most popular service among college and professional teams.
- Jump float: an overhand serving where the ball is thrown high enough so that players can jump before hitting it together with a standing serve float. The ball is thrown lower than the topspin jump serve, but contact is still made while in the air. This service is becoming more popular among college players and professionals because it has uncertainty in its flight pattern. This is the only serving where the server foot can go to inline.
Skip
Also called acceptance, the feed is an attempt by the team to handle the opponent's service, or any form of attack. Proper handling includes not only preventing the ball from touching the field, but also making it reach the position where the setter stands up quickly and precisely.
Passing skills involve two specific techniques: an armpit pass, or a bump, where the ball touches the inside of the forearm or a joined platform, at the waistline; and an overhand pass, where it is handled with a fingertip, like a set, above the head. Acceptable on professional volleyball and beach volleyball; however, there are many more strict rules about graduation on the beach volleyball.
Set
The set is usually the second contact the team made with the ball. The main goal of the arrangement is to place the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's field. The setter coordinates the offensive motion of a team, and is the player who finally decides which player will actually attack the ball.
Like passing, one can distinguish between overhand and bump sets. Because the former allows for more control over the speed and direction of the ball, a bump is used only when the ball is so low that it can not be handled properly with the fingertips, or on beach volley where rules governing overhand settings are more stringent. In the case of a set, someone also talks about the front or back sets, which means whether the ball is passed towards the setter facing or behind the setter. There is also a jump set that is used when the ball is too close to the net. In this case the tuner usually jumps from his right foot up to avoid getting into the net. The setter usually stands about 2/3 of the way from left to right of the net and faces left (the larger web part that can be seen).
Sometimes a setter refrains from lifting the ball to his team-mates for an attack and tries to play it straight into the opponent's field. This movement is called "dump". This can only be done when the tuner is in the front row, otherwise it is an illegal back-raid. The most common trash is to 'throw' the ball to the back of the setter or in front of the setter into zones 2 and 4. The more experienced setter throws the ball into a deep angle or soars the ball on the second punch.
As with a set or overhand pass, the setter/passer must be careful to touch the ball with both hands at the same time. If one hand feels too late to touch the ball, this could result in a less effective set, as well as the referee calling a 'double blow' and giving points to the opposing team.
Attack
The attack, also known as a spike , is usually the third contact created by a team with a ball. The attacking object is to handle the ball so it lands in an opponent's court and is untenable. A player makes a series of steps ("approach"), jumps, and swings the ball.
Ideally contact with the ball is made at the top of the hammer's jump. At the moment of contact, the hammer arms are fully extended overhead and slightly forward, making the highest possible contact while retaining the ability to deliver a strong blow. The batter uses a swing arm, snap wrist, and fast forward contraction of the whole body to move the ball. A 'bounce' is a slang term for a very loud leap that follows a nearly straight downward path to the opponent's field and bounces very high into the air. A "kill" is a slang term for an attack that is not returned by another team to produce a point.
The contemporary volley consists of a number of attacking techniques:
- Backcourt (or backrow)/pipe attacks: attacks performed by rear row players. The player must jump from behind the 3-meter line before making contact with the ball, but may land in front of the 3-meter line.
- Line and Cross-Sided Shots: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight line parallel to the side line, or passes through the court in a corner. A cross-court shot with a very clear angle, so the ball landed near the 3-meter line, called a cut shot.
- Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump: The player does not try to make a hit, but touches the ball lightly, so it lands in an opponent's court area that is not protected by defense.
- Tools/Remove/Block-abuse: the player is not trying to make a hard spike, but hitting the ball so as to touch the opponent's block and then bounce off the court.
- Off-speed hit: players do not hit the ball hard, reduce their speed and thus confuse the opponent's defense.
- A quick hit/"One": an attack (usually by the middle blocker) where the approach and jump starts before the setter contacts the ball. The set (called "quick set") is placed just slightly above the net and the ball is hit by the batter immediately after leaving the hand setter. Rapid attacks are often effective because they isolate the middle blockers to be the only obstacle to clicks.
- Slide: a quick blow variation using a low back set. The spanking measures are centered around the setter and hits from behind him.
- Quick double attack "Stack"/"Tandem": a quick blow variation in which two hitters, one in front and one behind the setter or both in front of the setter, jump to do a quick blow at the same time. This can be used to deceive the opposing blocker and free the fourth attacking batter from behind the court, perhaps without a block at all.
Block
Blocking refers to actions taken by players standing on the internet to stop or alter an opponent's attack.
Blocks aimed at stopping the attack completely, thus keeping the ball in the field of the opponent, called offensive. A well-done offensive block is done by jumping and reaching through with someone's hands and hands over the net and into the opposing area. It requires anticipating the direction the ball will go once the attack occurs. It may also be necessary to calculate the best footwork to execute the "perfect" blocks.
The jump must be timed to intercept the ball before crossing the net. The palms are deflected down about 45-60 degrees towards the interior of the opposing court. "Roof" is a spectacular attack block that diverts the power and attack speed directly to the attacker floor, as if the attacker hit the ball to the bottom of the roof of the peaked home.
Instead, it's called a defensive block, or "soft" if the goal is to control and deflect the hard-driven ball up so it slows down and becomes easier to maintain. A well-executed softball is done by jumping and placing a person's hand over the net without penetration into the opposing field and with the palm up and the fingers pointing backwards.
Blocking is also classified by the number of players involved. Thus, one can speak of single (or solo), double, or triple blocks.
Successful blocking does not always result in "roof" and many times not even touching the ball. While it is clear that a successful block when the attacker is on the roof, a block that consistently forces attackers away from 'strength' or favored attack into a shot that is more easily controlled by the defense is also a very successful block.
At the same time, the position of the block affects the position in which other defenders place themselves while the opponent hits the thump.
Dig
Digging is the ability to prevent the ball touching a person's court after an attack or spike, especially a ball that almost touches the ground. In many ways, this skill is similar to passing, or crashing: exhumations and excess blobs are also used to distinguish between defensive acts done with the fingertips or by the arm. It varies from passing but in that case it is a much more reflex-based skill, especially at a higher level. This is especially important when digging players to stay alert; some players choose to use separate steps to ensure they are ready to move in any direction.
Some specific techniques are more common in digging than passing. A player sometimes does a "dive", throwing his body into the air with a forward movement in an effort to save the ball, and land on his chest. When the player also slid his hand under a ball that almost touches the court, this is called "pancake". Pancakes are often used in indoor volleyball, but rarely if on the beach volleyball due to the uneven nature of the sand and produce the limit of the possibility that the ball will make good and clean contact by hand. When used properly, this is one of the more spectacular defensive volleyball dramas.
Sometimes a player is also forced to drop his body quickly to the floor to save the ball. In this situation, players use special rolling techniques to minimize the chance of injury.
Play team
Volleyball is basically a transition game from one of the above skills to the next, with a choreographic team movement between playing on the ball. These team movements are determined by the selected team serving the reception system, the offensive system, the scope system, and the defense system.
The receiving service system is the formation used by the receiving team to try to pass the ball to the designated setter. The system can consist of 5 receivers, 4 receivers, 3 receivers, and in some cases 2 receivers. The most popular formation at a higher level is the 3 recipient formation which consists of two left sides and libero receives each rotation. This allows the middles and the right side to become more specialized in hitting and blocking.
The offensive system is the formation used by the offense to try to roll the ball into the opposing field (or vice versa score). The formation often includes the position of a designated player with specialization skills (see Players specialization , below). Popular formats include systems 4-2, 6-2, and 5-1 (see Formation , below). There are also several different attacking schemes that the team can use to keep the opponent's defense balance.
Insurance systems are the formations used by offenses to protect their courts in cases of blocked attacks. Carried out by 5 offensive players who do not directly attack the ball, the player moves to the specified position around the attacker to dig any ball that deflects the block back to their own court. Popular formations include 2-3 systems and 1-2-2 systems. In lieu of the system, some teams use only random coverage with the nearest strikers.
The defense system is the formation used by the defense to protect the ball that was grounded to court by the opposing team. This system will describe which players are responsible in which area the court depends on where the opposing team is attacking. Popular systems include 6-Back, 6-Back-Far, and 6-Back-Shear defense. There are also several different blocking schemes that the team can use to disrupt the violations of the opposing team.
Some teams, when they are ready to serve, will line up five other players on screen to obscure the views of the receiving team. This action is only illegal if the server uses the screen, so calls made at the discretion of the referee as a result of the screen are made on the recipient's ability to pass the ball. The most common play style involves a W formation designed to take up as much of the horizontal space as possible.
Train
Basic
Training for volleyball can be classified into two main categories: coaching matches and development coaching. The goal of matching training is to win the game by managing team strategy. Developmental training emphasizes player development through strengthening basic skills during exercises known as "exercises." Exercises promote repetition and refinement of volleyball movements, especially in patterns of footwork, body position relative to others, and ball contact. A coach will build an exercise that simulates the match situation so as to encourage movement speed, anticipation, time, communication, and teamwork. At different stages of a player's career, the coach will adjust the exercise to meet the team's strategic requirements. The American Volleyball Coaches Association is the largest organization in the world dedicated exclusively to volleyball coaching.
Strategy
Player specialization
There are 5 positions filled on each volleyball team at the elite level. Setter, Outside Hitter/Left Side Hitter, Middle Hitter, Opposite Hitter/Right Side Hitter and Libero/Defensive Specialist. Each of these positions plays a specific key role in winning a volleyball match.
- Setter has the assignment to set team violations. They aim for a second touch and their ultimate responsibility is to place the ball in the air where the attackers can put the ball into the opposing court for a point. They should be able to operate with the batons, set the tempos of their court side and choose the right attacker to set up. Setters must have quick and skilled tactical judgments and accuracy, and should move quickly around the court.
- Liberos are defenders who are responsible for receiving attacks or service. They are usually the players on the field with the fastest reaction time and the best passing skills. Libero means 'free' in Italian - they accept this name because they have the ability to replace other players in the field during each game. They need not have to be tall, because they never play on the net, allowing shorter players with strong passing and defensive skills to excel in positions and play an important role in team success. Players appointed as libero for the match may not play another role during the game. Liberos wear a jersey of a different color than his teammate.
- The middle blocker or Starter is a player who can perform very fast attacks that usually occur near the setter. They specialize in blocking, because they must try to stop the game as fast as their opponents and then quickly create a double block on the sides of the field. In a non-rookie game, each team will have two midfielders.
- Outside batter or Left hand hitter attack from near left antenna. The outside batter is usually the most consistent hitter on the team and gets the most set. The inaccurate first pass usually produces a set to the outside batter rather than in the middle or vice versa. Because most of the sets are outward, the batter from the outside may require a longer approach, always starting from outside the court court. In a non-starter game, there are two outside players in each team in every game.
- Contrary to hitter or The right-handed bats carry a defensive workload for the volleyball team in the front row. Their primary responsibility is to install well-formed blocks against the Outside Hitters' opponents and serve as a backup setter. The set in the reverse direction usually leads to the right side of the antenna.
At some level where replacement is unlimited, the team will use Defensive Specialist in place or next to Libero. This position has no unique rules such as libero position, instead, this player is used to replace a bad defender by using regular substitution rules. Defensive specialists are often used if you have very bad back players on the right or left side, but your team is already using libero to pick up your pile. Most often, situations involve teams that use right-sided players with large blocks to be removed in the back row as they can not effectively play the court's defense. Similarly, teams may use the Views Specialist to bring out situational bad servers.
Formation
The three standard volley formations are known as "4-2", "6-2" and "5-1", which refer to the number of hitters and setters respectively. 4-2 is a basic formation that is used only in novice games, while 5-1 is by far the most common formation in high level games.
4-2
Formation 4-2 has four hitters and two setters. The setter is usually set from the front or right front center. Therefore, the team will have two front line attackers at any time. In international 4-2, the setters set from the right front position. International 4-2 is more easily translated into other forms of offense.
The setters line up against each other in rotation. The typical formation has two batons on the outside. By aligning like a position opposite to a rotation, there will always be one of every position in the front and back rows. After service, the players in the front row move to the specified position, so the setters are always in front of center. Or, the setters move forward right and have either a center forward or an outside attacker; The disadvantage here lies in the lack of offside batter, allowing one of the other team blockers to "cheat" in the middle block.
The obvious disadvantage of this offensive formation is that there are only two attackers, leaving the team with fewer offensive weapons.
Another aspect is to see the setter as an attacking force, though the strength weakens, because when the attacker is in front of the court they can 'tip' or 'dump', so when the ball is close to the net at the touch seconds, the setters can choose to hit the ball with one hand. This means that unnecessary blockers blocking the setter will be involved and allow one of the hitters to have an easier attack.
6-2
In the 6-2 formation, a player always advances from the back row to set up. The three front-line players are all in an attacking position. Thus, all six players act as hitters at one time or another, while two can act as setters. So the 6-2 formation is actually a 4-2 system, but the back-row setter penetrates to set.
Formation 6-2 thus requires two setters, which line up against each other in rotation. In addition to the setter, a typical lineup will have two center bat and two outdoor batter. By aligning like a position opposite to a rotation, there will always be one of every position in the front and back rows. After service, the players in the front row move to the specified position.
The advantage of 6-2 is that there are always three front-line hitters available, maximizing offensive possibilities. However, not only does 6-2 need a team to have two people capable of performing a very special setter role, it also requires both players to be effective offensive strikers when not in setter positions. At the international level, only the Cuban Women's National Team uses this kind of formation. It was also used by the NCAA team in the men's game of the Third Division and the women's game in all divisions, in part because of the variant rules used that allowed more substitutions per set than 6 allowed in the standard rule - 12 in matches involving two Division III male teams and 15 for all female games.
5-1
Formation 5-1 has only one player who considers the responsibility setting regardless of position in rotation. Therefore, the team will have three front-line attackers when the setter is in the back row, and only two when the setter is at the front row, with a total of five possible attackers.
Players dealing with setters in 5-1 rotation are called hitting opponents . In general, the opposite sex does not pass; they stand behind their teammates when the opponent is serving. The opposing bat can be used as a third attack option (rear-line attack) when the setter is on the front row: this is the normal option used to improve the ability of a modern volleyball attack. Usually the opposing bat is the most technically skilled beatter of the team. Back-row attacks generally come from the rear-right position, known as zone 1, but progressively from behind-center in high-level games.
The big advantage of this system is that the setter always has 3 different hitters. If the setter does this well, the middle blocker of the opponent may not have enough time to block with the outside blocker, increasing the chance for the attack team to make a point.
There are other advantages, just like the 4-2 formation: when the tuner is a front-row player, he is allowed to jump and "throw" the ball to the opposing side. This can also confuse opponents that block players: the setter can jump and throw or can be set to one of the hitters. A good tuner knows this and thus not only jumps to throw or set for fast attacks, but when set up outside also to confuse the opponent.
Breach 5-1 is actually a mixture of 6-2 and 4-2: when the setter is in the front row, the offense looks like 4-2; when the setter is in the back row, the violation looks like 6-2.
There are many variations on the basic rules of volleyball. By far the most popular is beach volleyball, which is played on the sand with two people per team, and rivals major sports in popularity.
Some of the games associated with volleyball include:
- Beach volley: An indoor volleyball game played with a beach ball instead of a volleyball.
- Biribol: aquatic variant, played in a shallow pool. The name was from the Brazilian city where he was found, Birigui. Similar to Water volleyball.
- Ecua-volley: Variant found in Ecuador, with some significant variants, such as number of players, and heavier balls.
- Footvolley: Sport from Brazil where hands and arms are not used but others like beach volleyball.
- Hooverball: popularized by President Herbert Hoover, played with volleyball and medicine balls; it was rated like tennis, but the ball was caught and then thrown back. The weight of a medicine ball can make the sport physically demanding enough; annual championship tournaments are held annually in West Branch, Iowa.
- Newcomb ball (sometimes spelled "Nuke 'Em"): In this game, the ball is caught and thrown, not hit; it rivaled the popularity of volleyball until the 1920s.
- Prisoner Ball: Also playing with volleyball and volleyball, the prisoner ball is a variation of the Newcomb ball where players are "taken captive" or released from "jail" instead of scoring points. Usually played by young children.
- Football Takraw: Plays in Southeast Asia using rattan balls and allows only the legs, knees, chests, and heads of players to touch the ball.
- Snow Volley: a beach volleyball variant played in the snow. The FÃÆ' Â © dationation Internationale de Volleyball has announced plans to make the snow volley section of the upcoming Winter Olympic program.
- Throwball: became popular with female performers at YMCA College of Physical Education in Chennai (India) in the 1940s.
- Volley towels: volley towels are popular outdoor entertainment. The match takes place on the volleyball court, forming a couple holding a towel in their hands and trying to throw the ball into the opponent's field. You can also play with blankets, held by four people. There may be some variations.
- Wallyball: Volleyball variations played on the racquetball court with rubber balls.
See also
- List of volleyball players
- List of volleyball video games
- Volley squash
- Hall of Fame Volleyball
- Jargon volley
- Volleyball injury
Note
External links
- FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale de Volleyball - FIVB
- Volleyball USA
- AVP
- The American Volleyball Coach Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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