Concrete masonry unit

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A concrete brick unit ( CMU ) is a standard-size square block used in building construction.

Those who use ash (fly ash or ash below) are called cinder blocks in the United States, block wind ( wind is a synonym of ash ) in the United Kingdom, and hollow blocks in the Philippines. In New Zealand and Canada they are known as concrete blocks or more commonly as just blocks . In New Zealand, they are also known as construction blocks . In Australia they are also known as Besser blocks or Besser bricks , because the American-based Besser Company is the main supplier of concrete block making machines. Clinker block uses clinker as aggregate. In non-technical use, the terms cinder block and wind blocks are often generalized to cover all these varieties.

Video Concrete masonry unit

Composition

Concrete blocks are made of cast concrete (eg Portland cement and aggregates, usually sand and fine pebbles, for high density blocks). Low density blocks can use industrial waste, such as fly ash or bottom ash, as aggregates. Light blocks can also be produced using autoclaved aerated concrete.

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Size and structure

Concrete blocks can be produced with a hollow center (core) to reduce weight or improve insulation. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in traditional masonry styles with layers (or programs) of staggered blocks. The blocks come in different sizes. In the US, the most common nominal sizes are 16 Â ° at 8/8 inches (410 mm * 200 mm * 200 mm); block measures 3/8 shorter, allowing for mortar mortar. In Ireland and the UK, blocks are usually 440 mm - 215 mm - 100 mm (17.3 in ÃÆ'â € Å", Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã , Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, including including mortar In New Zealand and Canada, blocks are usually 390 mm (190 mm) in diameter - 190 mm (15.4 in 7.5 in 7.5 not) excluding mortar mortar.

The core block is usually tapered so that the top surface of the block (as laid) has a larger surface to spread the mortar bed and for easier handling. Most CMUs have two cores, but three and four core units are also produced. A core also allows for the insertion of steel reinforcement, binding individual blocks together in assembly, with the aim of increasing strength. To hold the reinforcement in the right position and to bind the beam to the reinforcement, the core must be filled with nat (concrete). Reinforcement is mainly used to provide greater tensile strength to the assembly, increasing its ability to withstand lateral forces such as wind loads and seismic forces.

A variety of special forms exist to allow for special construction features. U-shaped blocks or knockout blocks with a notch to allow the construction of bonded beams or lintel assemblies, using a horizontal amplifier embedded into place within the cavity. Blocks with channels at the ends, known as "block sills", allow doors to be secured to wall assemblies. Blocks with fluted ends allow the construction of a control connection, allowing the filler to dock between the ends of the non mossy block. Other features, such as irradiated angles known as "bullnose" can be combined. A wide variety of decorative profiles also exist.

The masonry unit can be formulated with a special aggregate to produce a special color or texture for end use. Special textures can be produced by splitting a ribbed or solid two-block unit; such factory units are called "split-rib" or "split-face" blocks. Blocks can be judged by the width of the mortar joint joints to simulate different block modules. For example, an 8-by-16-inch block (200 mm * 410 mm) can print in the middle to simulate an 8-by-8-inch masonry (200 mm mm- 200 mm), with grooves filled with mortar and beaten to match joints true.

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United States

Usage

Concrete blocks, when constructed together with concrete columns and tie beams and reinforced with rebar, are very common building materials for wall building loads, in so-called concrete block structures ( CBS ) construction. American suburban homes usually use concrete foundations and slabs with concrete block walls around them. Other common uses for concrete block walls are inner partitioned fire walls, and outer spare walls for installation of façade and façade systems.

Property structure

Stone concrete can be used as a structural element other than used as an architectural element. The walls may be undone, partially smeared, and fully covered. The reinforcement bolts can be used vertically and horizontally inside the CMU to strengthen the walls and provide better structural performance. The cells in which the rebar is placed must be grouted for the bar to bind to the wall. For this reason, high seismic zones typically only allow full wall grouting in their building codes. The American design code that guides the design engineers in using CMUs as a structural system is the Common Building Code Code Masonry Standards & amp; Specifications for Masonry Structures (TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5). The compressive strength of masonry and masonry masonry units varies from about 1,000 psi (7 MPa) to 5,000 psi (34 MPa) based on the type of concrete used to produce the unit, the orientation arrangement, the type of mortar used for building walls, and other factors.

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See also

• Concrete brick
• Gypsum block
• Rusted concrete block

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References

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Source

• Beall, Christine (1987). Masonry Design and Detailing for Architects, Engineers and Builders . New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 61-63. ISBN: 0-07-004223-3.

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External links

• How the Product Is Created: Volume 3 Concrete Block
• The Concrete Masonry Association of California and Nevada
• National Masonry Concrete Association
• The American Mason Contractors Association
• Association of Concrete Block
• Masonry Institute of America
• "The History of Behind Rock Face Block" - Stone Classic Face Block

Source of the article : Wikipedia