Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa. It covers an area of ​​19,485 square kilometers (7.523 square meters) in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in the northeast of South Africa, and extends 360 kilometers (220 miles) from north to south and 65 kilometers (40 miles) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in Skukuza. The park area was first protected by the government of the Republic of South Africa in 1898, and became the first national park in South Africa in 1926.
To the west and south of Kruger National Park are the two provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in South Africa. In the north is Zimbabwe, and in the east is Mozambique. It is now part of Limpopo Transfrontier Park, a peace park linking Kruger National Park with Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe, and with Limpopo National Park in Mozambique.
The park is part of Kruger to the Biosphere Gorge of an area defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as the International Man and Biosphere Reserve ("Biosphere").
The park has nine main gates that allow entry to various camps.
Video Kruger National Park
Histori
Pre-Reserve (-1898)
The park covered area today is part of the last wild border in the eastern part of the Transvaal before the Second Anglo-Boer War. Paul Kruger, President of the Republic of South Africa at the time, proclaimed the area, inhabited by Tsonga people, a refuge for the protection of wildlife. Today it is against the law to farm or hunt animals in the area. James Stevenson Hamilton noted many of the kraal along the Sabi River as well as further north beyond the Letaba River despite the sparsely populated north compared to the south. Many local indigenous people were employed by a railroad company that tried to connect Pretoria and Maputo in the late 19th century. The proclamation area, called Makuleke, was returned to the Tsonga people in 1998. Since then the Kruger National Park has paid royalties to Tsonga, which was collected as tribal fees from tourists.
Sabi Game Reserve (1898-1926)
In 1895, Jakob Louis van Wyk was introduced in the old Volksraad Republic of South Africa, a movement to create a game backup. The proposed area is extended from the Olifants River to the Sabi River to the north. The movement, introduced with other Volksraad members by the name of RK Loveday, was accepted for discussion in September 1895 by the majority of one vote, resulting in the proclamation by Paul Kruger, president of Transvaal Republic (South African Republic), on March 26, 1898, from " Wildlife of the Government. " This park will be known as Sabi Game Reserve.
The park was originally designed to control the hunt and protect the number of animals that are reduced in the park.
James Stevenson-Hamilton became the first reserve warden in 1902. The reserve is located south of a third of the modern park. The Shingwedzi Reserve, named after the Shingwedzi River and now in the northern Kruger National Park, was proclaimed in 1903. Over the following decades all indigenous tribes were removed from nature reserves and during the late 1960s transferred to Makuleke in the Pafuri triangle. In 1926, Sabie Game Reserve, the adjacent Shingwedzi Game Reserve, and the farm were combined to create the Kruger National Park.
During 1923, the first large group of tourists began visiting Sabie Game Reserve, but only as part of South Africa's popular "Round in Nine" tour. Tour trains use the Selati railway line between Komatipoort on the Mozambican border and Tzaneen in Limpopo Province. This tour includes an overnight stop at Sabie Bridge (now Skukuza) and a short walk, escorted by armed rangers, to the bushes. It immediately became the highlight of the tour and provided valuable support for the campaign to proclaim Sabie Game Reserve as a national park.
Kruger_National_Park_.281926.E2.80.931946.29 "> Kruger National Park (1926-1946)
After the proclamation of the Kruger National Park in 1926, three first tourist cars entered the park in 1927, jumping to 180 cars in 1928 and 850 cars in 1929.
Warden James Stevenson-Hamilton retired on April 30, 1946, after 44 years as warden of Taman Kruger and his predecessor, Sabi Sabi Game Reserve.
1946-1994
Stevenson-Hamilton was replaced by Colonel J. A. B. Sandenbergh of the South African Air Force. During 1959, work began to completely limit the park's boundaries. Work began on the southern border along the Crocodile River and in 1960 the west and north borders were lined, followed by the eastern border with Mozambique. The purpose of the fence is to prevent the spread of the disease, facilitate border patrols and inhibit the movement of hunters.
The Makuleke area in the northern part of the park was forcibly taken from the Makuleke people by the government in 1969 and about 1500 of them were moved to the ground in the south so that their native tribal areas could be integrated into the larger Kruger National Park.
1994-present
In 1996 Makuleke tribe filed a land claim for 19,842 hectares (198.42 km 2 ) in the northern part of Kruger National Park. The land was given back to the Makuleke people, however, they chose not to resettle on the ground but to engage with the private sector to invest in tourism, resulting in the construction of several game lodges.
In the late 1990s, the fence between Kruger Park and Klaserie Game Reserve, the Olifants Game Reserve and the Balule Game Reserve were dropped and put into Great Kruger Park with 40,000 hectares added to the Nature Reserve.
In 2002, the Kruger National Park, Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe, and Limpopo National Park in Mozambique were incorporated into the peace park, Limpopo Transfrontier Park.
Maps Kruger National Park
Location and geography
The park is located northeast of South Africa, in the eastern provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. Phalaborwa, Limpopo is the only city in South Africa that borders the Kruger National Park. It is one of the largest national parks in the world, with an area of ​​19,485 square kilometers (7,523 square meters). The park has a length of about 360 kilometers (220 miles), and has an average width of 65 kilometers (40 mi). At its widest point, the park is 90 kilometers (56 miles) wide from east to west.
To the north and south parks of two rivers, Limpopo and Crocodile respectively, acting as their natural borders. To the east of the Lebombo Mountains separates it from Mozambique. The western boundary runs parallel to this distance, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) away. The park varies in height between 200 meters (660Ã, ft) to the east and 840 meters (2,760Ã, ft) in the southwest near Berg-en-Dal. The highest point in the park is here, a hill called Khandzalive. Several rivers flow through the park from west to east, including Sabie River, Olifants, Crocodile, Letaba, Luvuvhu and Limpopo.
Climate
The climate of Kruger and Lowveld National Parks is subtropical. Summer days are moist and hot. The rainy season is from September to May. The Kruger National Park site lists September and October as the driest period, culminating in late October. Winter of the dry season is an ideal time to visit this region for various reasons. There is little chance of developing malaria and lighter days. Seeing wildlife is more beneficial because vegetation is less frequent and animals are attracted to the water source to drink every morning and evening.
Flora and fauna
Vegetation
The plant life in the park consists of four main areas:
Thornbills and red willow bushes
This area is located between the western boundary and the center of the park south of the Olifants River. Combretums , such as the red shrub ( Combretum apiculatum ), and Akasia species dominate while there are a large number of marine trees ( Sclerocarya caffra ). The dominant Acacias along rivers and streams, the very crowded Nwatimhiri bush along the Sabie River between Skukuza and Lower Sabie is a very good example.
Knob-thorn and marula veld
South of the Olifants River in the eastern part of the park, this area provides the most important grazing land. Species such as red grass ( Themeda triandra ) and buffalo grass ( Panicum maximum ) dominate while knob-thorn ( Acacia nigrescens ), leadwood ( Combretum imberbe ) and marula ( Sclerocarya caffra ) are the main tree species.
Red bush-willow and mopane veld
This area is located in the western part of the park, north of the Olifants River. The two most prominent species here are the red shrubs ( Combretum apiculatum ) and the mopane ( Colophospermum mopane ).
Shrub mopane veld
The mopane tile covers almost all parts of the northeast of the park.
There are a number of smaller areas in the park that carry typical vegetation such as Pretoriuskop where the sickle crescent and silver cluster leaf ( Terminalia sericea ) stand out. Sandy communities near Punda Maria are equally definitive, with a variety of unique species.
Bird
Of the 517 bird species found in Kruger, 253 were inhabitants, 117 non-breeding entrants, and 147 nomads. Some larger birds require large areas or are sensitive to habitat degradation. Six of these species, which are generally confined to Kruger and other vast conservation areas, have been established for a group of fantasy called "Big Six Birds". They are vapor-faced lappet, martial arts, saddle crane, bustard kori, hornbill, and Pel owl, localized, localized and rarely seen. There are between 25 and 30 pairs of saddlebags breeding in the park, in addition to a handful of non-breeding individuals. In 2012 178 families of hornbills explored the park and 78 known nests, of which 50% were active.
Mammals
All Big Five game animals are found in Kruger National Park, which has more large mammal species than any other African sanctuary (in 147 species). There is a webcam set up for wildlife watching.
The park stopped spewing elephants in 1994 and tried to transcend them, but in 2004 the population increased to 11,670 elephants, in 2006 to about 13,500, in 2009 to 11,672, and in 2012 to 16,900. Habitat parks can only support about 8,000 elephants. The park started businesses using contraceptives in 1995, but has stopped due to problems with giving contraception and disrupting the flock.
Kruger supports an endangered pack of African wild dogs, estimated to be around 400 in all of South Africa.
Reptile
Kruger has 114 species of reptiles, including black mamba, African african snake, and 3000 crocodiles.
Amphibians and fish
Thirty-three species of amphibians are found in the Park, as well as 50 species of fish. A Zambesi shark, Carcharhinus leucas , also known as the bull shark, was caught at the confluence of the Limpopo River and Luvuvhu in July 1950. Zambezi sharks tolerate fresh water and can travel deep into rivers like Limpopo.
Anti-poaching actions
Kruger is not excluded from the hunting threats faced by many other African countries. Many hunters seek ivory from ivory and elephant ivory. The park's anti-poaching unit consists of 650 SANParks game guards, assisted by SAPS and SANDF (including SAAF). In 2013, the park is equipped with two drones borrowed from Denel and two AÃÆ' Â © rospatiale Gazelle helicopters, donated by the RAF to add to its air space presence. Automatic movement sensors propagate intrusions along the Mozambican border to the control center, and specialist dog units have been introduced. The buffer zone has been built along the border with Mozambique, where many hunters have infiltrated the park, as an alternative to expensive new fences. The original 150 km fence was dropped in 2002 to establish the Limpopo Transfrontier Park. The national anti-piracy committee oversees all activities and coordinates interested parties.
Hunter
Larger gamer Kruger operates with night vision instruments and large caliber rifles, equipped with superb and advanced telescopic sights. They were mostly Mozambique who started a carefully planned attack from the border region of South Africa and Mozambique. In 2012 about 200 hunters were arrested, while about 30 were killed in small battles.
In July 2012, a Kruger game guard and police officer were the first to die in an anti-poaching operation, while other employees reported intimidation by hunters. The Kruger strikes affect some anti-poaching operations, and some employees are directly involved. Rangers in and around the park have been suppressed or blackmailed by syndicate hunting to provide intelligence about the existence of rhinoceros and anti-poaching operations.
In December 2012, Kruger began using Seeker II drones against rhinoceros hunters. The drone was loaned to South African National Park authorities by producer Denel Dynamics, South Africa.
In February 2018, the head of a suspected hunter appeared in Kruger National Park near Hoedspruit, with a body dragged and eaten by a lion, it was assumed. Officials initially assumed that it was the head of a park worker who had been lost a few days earlier, but it was later discovered that the man was, in fact, a suspected hunter after the park employee was found alive. The heads of the suspected thieves have been found in areas heavily trafficked by lions, along with hunting rifles loaded.
ivory stock
Rhino
Hunters mostly operate on or near the full moon and do not distinguish between white rhino and black rhinoceros. The black rhino's loss is very low due to its closed and aggressive nature. With rhinoceros horns that generate about $ 66,000 (and up to $ 82,000) per kilogram, the CITES ban on the rhinoceros horn trade proved ineffective. The second horn is sometimes hacked from the skull to get about 100 ml of water vapor sold locally as a traditional remedy.
The hunt associated with rhinoceros horns increased in the 21st century with 949 rhinoceros killed in Kruger in the first twelve years (2001 to 2012), and more than 520 in 2013 alone. A memorandum of a planned deal between South Africa and Vietnam, in addition to the one with China, is seen as an important milestone in stopping the tide, while negotiations with Thailand have not yet begun. The number of rhinoceros horn stored in the warehouse is not known publicly. Since 2009 several Kruger rhinos have been fitted with invisible tracking devices on their bodies and horns that allow officials to find their carcasses and to track the horns of contraband by satellites. 22,000 white and black African rhinos, of which 12,000 are found in Kruger, represent about 93% of the world's population of this species.
Elephant
Kruger experienced significant elephant hunting in the 1980s, which has since subsided. It holds over 48 tons of ivory in storage. According to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES), it is allowed to sell 30 tons.
Once approved by CITES, 47 metric tons of ivory stockpiled from Kruger are auctioned on November 6, 2008. The sale reached approximately US $ 6.7 million to be used to increase anti-poaching activities. The average price for 63 lots at auction is US $ 142/kg.
More
It is estimated that the placement of a wire trap for meat will eventually become the most challenging form of hunting. The scheme has been proposed to reward communities close to the sale of games in return for their cooperation in game conservation. Larger communities include Bosbokrand, Acornhoek, Hazyview, Hoedspruit, Komatipoort, Malelane, Marloth Park, Nelspruit and Phalaborwa.
Accommodation and facilities
Kruger National Park has 21 resorts, as well as two private lodge concessions, and 15 designated private safari huts. Concessions are plots of land operated by private companies in partnership with communities, which outsource the operation of private cottages. Camping in the park has become popular among tourists and backpackers because it is much cheaper, and open to anyone, does not require special permission to participate.
Rest camp
Personal designated targa
Kump Bushveld
- Bateleur Bushveld Camp
- Biyamiti Bushveld Camp
- Shimuwini Bushveld Camp
- Sirheni Bushveld Camp
- Talamati Bushveld Camp
Restoran
On October 30, 2013, the South African National Park (SANParks) announced the establishment of a franchise restaurant in several rest camps.
Mugg & amp; The bean restaurant has been set up in Lower Sabie, Olifants and Letaba rest camps. Wimpy's restaurants have been established in the Pretoriuskop and Satara rest camps. Skukuza Selati Station Grill House has been replaced by Ciao! and the main restaurant of Skukuza camp and taken to be run by Cattle Baron and Bistro.
This decision is controversial, with some people welcoming improvements in food service, and others seeing the introduction of franchising as a detract from the purpose of the Kruger Park.
Gates to Kruger Park
The Kruger Park has the following gates:
Wilderness trail
Nine different paths are offered in Kruger National Park. Some are overnight and they endure for a few days in a jungle area almost untouched by humans. There is no set trail in the wilderness area; a visitor walks along a path made by an animal or searches a new route through the bushes.
Gallery
See also
- Kruger to the Biosphere Canyon
- Abel Chapman
- Fighting in Kruger
- Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park
- Makuleke
- Protected area in South Africa
- Skukuza
- Kruger National Park in the 1960s (time schedule)
- Sabi Sand Game Reserve
- SanWild Wildlife Sanctuary
References
External links
- the Kruger National Park website
- Webcam in Kruger
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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