Desert Scrub 'al Khali (Arabic: ????? ?????? ?, That is, "Empty Quarter ") is the largest contiguous desert (erg) in the world, covering most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula. The desert covers about 650,000 km 2 (250,000 sqÃ, mi) (long area.44Ã,  ° 30? -56Ã,  ° 30? E, and lat. 16Ã, 30? -23Ã,  ° 00? N) including parts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. It is part of the larger Arab Desert.
Video Rub' al Khali
Description
Terrain
This desert has a length of 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), and a width of 500 kilometers (310 mi). Its surface elevation varies from 800 meters (2,600 feet) in the southwest to around sea level in the northeast. The plain is covered with sand dunes with a height of up to 250 meters (820 feet), interspersed with gravel and gypsum plains. Sand is a reddish orange color due to the presence of feldspar.
There are also brackish salt plains in some areas, such as Umm al Samim area on the eastern edge of the desert.
Lake basket
Along the middle of the desert there are a number of areas of calcium carbonate, gypsum, marl, or elevated clay, which was once a shallow lake location. These lakes existed for a period of 6,000 to 5,000 years ago and 3,000 to 2,000 years ago. The lake is thought to have formed as a result of "heavy rain" similar to current monsoon rains and is likely to last for only a few years. However, lakes in the Mundafen region to the southwest of Rub 'al Khali show evidence of lasting longer, up to 800 years, due to increased runoff from Tuwaiq Escarpment.
The evidence shows that the lake is home to a variety of flora and fauna. Fossil remains indicate the presence of several animal species, such as hippopotamus, water buffalo, and long-horned cows. The lakes also contain small snails, ostracods, and when conditions are suitable, freshwater shells. Calcium carbonate deposits and phytolith opals indicate the presence of plants and algae. There is also evidence of human activity that dates from 3,000 to 2,000 years ago, including stone tools, but no real human remains.
Climate
This region is classified as "hyper-arid", with annual rainfall generally less than 35 millimeters (1.4 inches), and the average daily relative humidity of about 52% in January and 15% in June-July. The average daily maximum temperature of 47Ã, Â ° C (117Ã, Â ° F) in July and August, peaked at 51 ° C, (124 ° F, 124 ° F). The average daily minimum is 12 ° C (54 ° F) in January and February, although frost has been recorded. The daily extreme temperatures are quite large.
Biodiversity
Fauna includes arachnids (eg scorpions) and rodents, while plants live throughout the Empty Quarter. As an ecoregion, Rub 'al Khali falls within the Arabian Desert and the bush of Xeric Sahara-Arab East. Cheetah Asia, once widespread in Saudi Arabia, is extinct from the desert regionally.
Oil
Geologically, Empty Quarter is the world's richest oil site. The vast reserves of oil have been found beneath the sand dunes. Sheyba, on the northeast edge of Rub 'al Khali, is a major light crude oil producing site in Saudi Arabia. Ghawar, the world's largest oil field, extends south to the northernmost of the Empty Quarter.
Maps Rub' al Khali
History
Desertification has been on the rise for thousands of years. Before desertification made the caravan pathway that leads to the opposite side of Rub 'al Khali so difficult, caravan trading incense crossed now a stretch of expanse of the precarious land, until about 300 AD. It has been argued that Ubar or Iram, a lost city, territory or person, depends on such a trade. Traces of camels, which can not be identified on the ground, appear in satellite imagery.
People
Today the Quarter Residents are members of various local tribes - for example, the Al Murrah tribe has the largest area based mainly between Al Ahsa and Najran. Banu Yam and Banu Hamdan (in Yemen and Najran region in southern Saudi Arabia), and Bani Yas (in the United Arab Emirates). Several streets connect these tribal settlements with water resources and oil production centers in the area.
Expedition
The first trip documented by non-resident explorers was made by British explorer Bertram Thomas in 1931 and St. John Philby in 1932.
Between 1946 and 1950 Wilfred Thesiger crossed the area several times and charted large parts of the Empty Quarter including the Oman mountains, as described in his 1959 Arabian Sands book.
In June 1950, a US Air Force expedition crossed Rub 'al Khali from Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, to central Yemen and returned to the truck to collect specimens for the Smithsonian Institution and to test the desert survival procedure.
In 1999 Jamie Clarke became the first Western man to cross the Empty Quarter of Arabia in fifty years. His team of six, including three Bedouins, spent 40 days crossing the desert with 13 camels caravans.
On February 25, 2006, a scientific journey organized by the Saudi Geological Survey began exploring the Empty Quarter. The expedition consisted of 89 environmental experts, geologists and scientists from Saudi Arabia and abroad. Different types of fossil creatures and meteorites are found in the desert. The expedition found 31 new plant species and crop varieties, as well as 24 species of birds that inhabit the region, which makes the scientists fascinated how they survive under harsh conditions in the Fourth Quarter.
In 2012, Alastair Humphreys and Leon McCarron pulled a specially designed train from Salalah to Dubai. They produced a documentary about their journey and how it was compared to Wilfred Thesiger's.
On 4 February 2013, South African teams including Alex Harris, Marco Broccardo and David Joyce claimed that they became the first to cross the near Oman border in an unsupported Empire Quarter and on foot, on a journey that began in Salalah and lasted 40 days, finally ended up in Dubai. The team used only three water stops along the way, and pulled a specially designed train that held all the supplies needed for the entire expedition.
In 2013 from February 18 to March 28, South Korean explorer Young-Ho Nam led the team (Agustin Arroyo Bezanilla, Si-Woo Lee) at a crossing through Empty Quarter on foot from Salalah, Oman, to Liwa Oasis, United Arab Emirates. The intersection was done with permission from the government of Oman and the UAE. Representative of the House of Representatives for the Western Region, Abu Dhabi Emirate recognizes it as the first ferry crossing in the Empty Quarter after the Oman border and ends in the UAE.
In fiction
Novel 2001- The Powers Team Declare contains scenes in Rub 'al Khali, and mentions St.'s expeditions. John Philby for the same.
- Rub 'al Khali near Abu Dhabi is used in the location shoot for the Star Wars movie: The Force Awakens .
- In Donald Tyson's book Alhazred , based on the fictitious character created by HP Lovecraft, the main character, Abdul Alhazred, is thrown into "Empty Space" after being mutilated to sleep with his princess.. In the best-selling book of Nelson DeMille 2012, The Panther, US agents hunt down a terrorist for Rub 'al Khali, and lead character John Corey jokes that "The Empty Quarter" is not a good name if it promotes tourism.
- Desert feature in HP Lovecraft's "The Call of Cthulhu": "From the [Cthulhu] sect, he says that he thinks his center lies in the middle of the no-way Arab desert, where Irem, Pilar City, a hidden and untouched dream. "The story" The Nameless City "also reflects the idea of ​​a lost city in Arabia.
- Rub 'al Khali is one of the settings for the PlayStation 3 video game Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, where protagonist Nathan Drake looks for Iram of the Pillars through chapters.
- Empty Quarter plays an important role in Clive Barker, Jericho , and in his novel Weaveworld .
- This works as a Machine City site, Zero-One, in the Matrix series.
- The Gerald Seymour novel Unknown Soldier is almost entirely arranged in Rub 'al Khali.
- Jack Higgins made a lot of action in his novel Edge of Danger and Midnight Runner in Empty Quarter.
- Most of James Brown's SIGMA Force Sandstorm book takes place in the Quarter of Empty.
- The Empty Quarter serves as a "Ocean of Fire" horse racing setting in the 2004 movie Hidalgo. Filming is actually happening in various locations in the US and Morocco.
- In the Japanese light novel series
, Rub 'al Khali is considered the home of the main character, Hiraga Saito. - In Daniel Easterman's second novel,
, it is the location of the lost city of Iram, where the eponymous seventh shrine is located. - The Fremen of the Frank Herbert novel Dune are said to belong to the Rub 'Al Khali tribe.
- The novel Josephine Tey The Singing Sands (1952) investigates the killing of a young man who believes he has found the fairy tale of Wabar while flying over Rub 'Al Khali.
- This is the novel site of Hammond Innes The Doomed Oasis . Innes went to Saudi Arabia to do research for this book.
- Doc Savage and his Fantastic Five found the lost white haired races that were ridden by the white furry beast at The Phantom City in Doc Savage Magazine, December, 1933, and reprints.
- Rub 'al Khali is featured on the PlayStation 3 video game << Ninja Gaiden 3 and Ninja Gaiden 3: Razor's Edge , in which protagonist Ryu Hayabusa fights on the second day of his quest.
Additional images
See also
- Ramlat Khaliya
Note
References
External links
- The lost city under Rub 'Al-Khali, Saudi Life.
- Sights & amp; Voice: Empty Quarter: National Geographic virtual tour in Empty Quarter.
- Scrub 'al-Khali EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica
- A clear picture of some dunes in the Blank Quarter.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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