Springfield, Massachusetts

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Springfield is a town in western New England, and the center of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Springfield is located on the eastern edge of the Connecticut River near its encounter with three rivers: Westfield West River, eastern Chicopee River, and East Mill River. At the 2010 Census, the city's population was 153,060. Metropolitan Springfield, as one of two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts (the other is Greater Boston), has a population of 692,942 in 2010.

Springfield is the first in the New World, it is the largest city in western New England, and the capital city, economy, and culture Connecticut River Valley Connecticut (colloquially known as the Pioneer Valley). It is the third largest city in Massachusetts and the fourth largest in New England after Boston, Worcester, and Providence. Springfield has several nicknames - "The City of Firsts", due to many innovations (see below for partial listings); "The City of Homes", because of Victorian-style residential architecture; and "Hoop City", as basketball - one of the most popular sports in the world - was found in Springfield by James Naismith.

Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, is located 24 miles (39 km) south of Springfield, on the west bank of the Connecticut River. Bradley International Airport, located 12 miles (19 km) south of Springfield Metro Center, is Hartford-Springfield airport. The Hartford-Springfield area is known as the Knowledge Corridor for accommodating over 160,000 students and over 32 liberal arts colleges and universities - the second highest concentration of higher education institutions in the United States. The city of Springfield itself is home to Springfield College, Western New England University, American International College, and Springfield Technical Community College, among other higher education institutions.

Video Springfield, Massachusetts

History

Springfield was founded in 1636 by the English Puritan William Pynchon as the "Agawam Plantation" under the administration of the Connecticut Colonies. In 1641 it was renamed after Pynchon's hometown of Springfield, Essex, England, following an accelerated settlement incident that joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During his early existence, Springfield flourished both as a farm and trading post, though its prosperity faded dramatically during (and after) the War of King Philip in 1675, when the natives besieged and burned it to the ground.

The original settlement - downtown Springfield today - lies on the cliffs at a confluence of four rivers, on the trade routes to Boston, Albany, New York City and Montreal, and with some of the most fertile soils in the northeastern United States. In 1777, the location of Springfield at many crossroads led to George Washington and Henry Knox establishing the National Armory in Springfield, which produced the first American rifle in 1794, and then the famous Springfield rifle. From 1777 until the closure during the Vietnam War, Springfield Armory attracted skilled workers to Springfield, making it the long-term center of the United States for precision manufacturing. Arrest near the armory during Shays' Rebellion of 1787 leads directly to the establishment of the US Constitution Convention.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, Springfielders produced many innovations, including the first American-English dictionary (1805, Merriam-Webster); first use of interchangeable parts and assembly lines in manufacturing (1819, Thomas Blanchard); America's first horseless car (1825, Thomas Blanchard); invention and patent of vulcanised rubber (1844, Charles Goodyear); the first American gasoline-powered car (1893, Duryea Brothers); the first successful motorcycle company (1901, "India"); one of the first commercial radio stations in America (1921, WBZ, broadcast from Kimball Hotel); and most famously, the world's most popular sporting world, basketball (1891, Dr. James Naismith).

Springfield suffered a protracted decline during the second half of the 20th century, largely due to the decommissioning of Springfield Armory in 1969; poor urban planning decisions, such as the I-91 escalation site along the Connecticut City River; and overall industry decline throughout the northeastern United States. During the 1980s and 1990s, Springfield developed a national reputation for crime, political corruption and cronyism, in contrast to the reputation he enjoyed throughout US history. During the early 21st century, Springfield sought to overcome its reputation downgrade through long-term revitalization projects and undertook several major projects, including a high-speed railway worth $ 1 billion (New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high speed rail; a) filed MGM a $ 1 billion casino; and various other construction and revitalization projects.

Maps Springfield, Massachusetts

Geography

Springfield is located on 42Ã, Â ° 6? 45? N 72Ã, Â ° 32? 51? W (42.112411, -72.547455). According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​33.1 square miles (85.7 km ² ), where 31.9 square miles (82.5 km ² ) is ground and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km ² ), or 3.65%, is water. Once dubbed the "Town in the Woods", Springfield has more than 4.0 square miles (10.4 km ² ) of the city park, 12% of its total land.

Set in the lush Connecticut River Valley, surrounded by mountains, cliffs and hills in all directions, Springfield is located on the eastern edge of the Connecticut River, near its encounter with two major tributary rivers - west of the Westfield River, which runs into Connecticut across from Springfield's South End Bridge; and the eastern Chicopee River, which flows into Connecticut less than 0.5 miles (0.8 km) north of Springfield, in the city of Chicopee (which was one of the most populous neighborhoods in Springfield until it was separated and became an independent municipality in 1852). The Connecticut state line lies just 4 miles (6 km) south of Springfield, next to the rich suburb of Longmeadow, which was separated from Springfield in 1783.

The crowded Metro Center district of Springfield city around Main Street is relatively flat, and follows the north-south course of the Connecticut River; However, as one moves eastward, the city becomes more hilly.

Aside from its rivers, Springfield's most prominent topographic feature is the 735-hectare Forest Park (297 acres), designed by renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Forest Park is located in the southwest corner of the city, surrounded by an attractive park district in Springfield, Forest Park and Forest Park Heights, which has more than 600 Victorian Painted Lady luxury homes. Forest Park also borders the most prosperous city in western Massachusetts, Longmeadow. Springfield shares are bordered by other suburbs such as East Longmeadow, Wilbraham, Ludlow and the de-industrialized city of Chicopee. The small towns of Agawam and West Springfield are less than a mile (1.6 km) from Springfield's Metro Center, across the Connecticut River.

The city of Springfield also has the Springfield Country Club, located in the autonomous city of West Springfield, which is separate from Springfield in 1774.

Climate

Springfield, like other cities in southern New England, has a humid continental climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen: Dfa ) with four distinct seasons and uniform rainfall all year round. Winter is cold with a daily average in January around 26 Â ° F (-3 Â ° C). During the winter, an erratic storm can drop significant snowfall in Springfield and the Connecticut River Valley. Temperatures below 0 ° F (-18 ° C) can occur each year, although the area does not experience high snowfall and strong winds from nearby cities like Worcester, Massachusetts and Albany, New York.

Springfield's summer is very warm and sometimes damp. During the summer, several times per month, on hot days of an afternoon lightning storm will develop when unstable warm air collides with an approaching cold front. The daily average in July is about 74 Â ° F (23 Â ° C). Usually a few days during the summer exceeding 90Ã, Â ° F (32Ã, Â ° C), is a "heat wave." Spring and autumn temperatures are usually fun, with cool days and cool, cool nights. The precipitation averages 46.7 inches (1,186 mm) annually, and mean snowfall is 49 inches (124 cm), mostly falling from mid-December to early March. Although unheard of, extreme weather events such as hurricanes and tornadoes are rare in Springfield compared to other parts of the country. At times when hurricanes hit New England, the hinterland of Springfield, the upstream location has caused far less damage than coastal cities such as New Haven, Connecticut and Providence, Rhode Island.

On June 1, 2011, Springfield was attacked by the second-largest tornado ever attacked Massachusetts. With wind speeds exceeding 160 mph (257 km/h), tornadoes left three dead, hundreds injured, and more than 500 homeless in the city alone. The tornado caused hundreds of millions of dollars worth of damage to Springfield and destroyed almost everything on the 39 mile (63 km) route from Westfield to Charlton, Massachusetts. It was the first deadly tornado to attack Massachusetts since May 29, 1995.

Surround Areas

Springfield is divided into 17 different areas; in alphabetical order, they are:

• Bay - featuring Blunt Park. In terms of demographics, Bay is mainly African American.
• Boston Road Ã, - named for its proximity to the original Boston Post Street system, featuring Eastfield Mall. Especially in commercial characters, it consists of several shopping plazas designed for car travel.
• Brightwood - featuring many Baystate Health-specific buildings. Amputated from the rest of Springfield by the Interstate 91 overpass, academic advice is being made to reunite the neighborhood with the city.
• East Forest Park - Character of middle to upper class housing. East Frontier Longmeadow, Massachusetts.
• East Springfield - features Smith & amp; Wesson and Performance Food Group. Residential and working class characteristics.
• The Forest Park Ã, - owns a 735 acre (wilderness) forest park (3.0Ã, km ² ) owned by Frederick Law Olmsted and Forest Park Heights Historic District (founded 1975). Occupancy in character, featuring a commercial district in "The X" and an upscale park district around Olmsted Park.
• Indian Orchard - featuring main buildings and historic buildings that are well-defined which has become a space for artists. Formerly a suburb of Springfield, Indian Orchard was developed separately as a milltown on the Chicopee River before joining Springfield. As a prime residence, Indian Orchard has Lake Lorraine State Park, Hubbard Park, and a weekly farmer's market.
• Liberty Heights Ã, - features three nationally-rated hospitals in Springfield: Baystate Health, Mercy Medical, and Shriner's Children's Hospital. Mainly residential and medical characters, it features a diverse demographic population. Liberty Heights includes eclectic districts such as Hungry Hill and Atwater Park, and Springfield's 3rd largest park, Van Horn Park.
• The McKnight Historic District Ã, - features the largest historical architecture of Victoria in the Knowledge Corridor, including over 900 Painted Ladies. The main character is settlement, McKnight is the first residential neighborhood planned in the United States. The McKnight commercial district is called Mason Square. Has an American International College. In terms of demographics, McKnight displays a significant population of African and LGBT populations, and is home to Mason Square, called African American philanthropist, Primus P. Mason.
• Memorial Square Ã, - featuring the North End commercial area.
• Metro Center - showcases virtually any major cultural venue in the region. Commercial, cultural, citizenship, and residential character are increasing. Featuring Downtown Business District , The Club Quarter - with over 60 clubs, restaurants and bars - many significant festivals, cultural institutions, educational institutions and historical sites./li>
• North End - not technically the Springfield neighborhood, but three north of Springfield. Including Brightwood, which is a residential and medical character, but disconnected from the rest of the city by Interstate 91; Memorial Square, which is commercial; and Liberty Heights, which is medical and residential. In terms of demography, the North End is dominated by Puerto Rico.
• Old Hill Ã, - featuring Springfield College. Shelter in character. Limiting Lake Massasoit. Old Hill is basically Latino.
• Pine Point - displays MassMutual headquarters, Fortune 100 companies. Especially middle-class characters and residences.
• Six Corners - featuring Mulberry Street in the Ridgewood Historic District (established 1977;) Lower Maple Historic District (established 1977;) and Maple Hill Historic District, (established 1977). Urban and residential character.
• Sixteen Acres Ã, - featuring Western New England University and SABIS International School. Suburban in character. Includes many postwar suburban architecture in Springfield.
• South End - featuring many Italian-American restaurants, festivals and landmarks. Urban and commercial in character, this neighborhood was hard hit by June 1, 2011, a tornado. Includes Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame; but separated from Interstate 91.
• Upper Hill - featuring Wesson Park. Limiting Lake Massasoit. Shelter in character. Located between Springfield College and American International College.

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Demographics

According to the Census 2010, Springfield has a population of 153,060, of which 72,573 (47.4%) are male and 80,487 (52.6%) are female. 73.0% of the population is over 18 years of age, and 10.9% are over 65 years of age; the average age is 32.2 years. The mean age for men was 30.2 years and 34.1 years for women.

According to the 2010 Census, there were 61,706 housing units in Springfield, of which 56,752 were occupied. This is the highest average home occupancy among four different metropolitan New England cities (the other three are Hartford, New Haven, and Bridgeport, Connecticut). Also in 2010, Springfield had the highest average homeowner ratio among four New York metropolitan cities at 50% - 73,232 Springfielders staying in the occupied unit, compared to 74,111 rental units. By comparison, in the 2010 Census, New Haven had 31% owner occupancy rates; Hartford 26%; and Bridgeport 43%.

In terms of race and ethnicity, Springfield is 51.8% White, 22.3% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 2.4% Asian (1.2% Vietnamese, 0.3% Chinese , 0.2% of India, 0.1% Cambodia, 0.1% Filipino, 0.1% Korea, 0.1% Pakistan, 0.1% Laotian) 0.1% Original Hawaiian and Pacific Island Other, 18.0% of Some Other Races, and 4.7% of Two or More Races (1.5% White and Black or African American; 1.0% White and Some Other Races). Hispanics and Latin of each race comprise 38.8% of the population (33.2% Puerto Rico, 1.7% Dominican, 1.0% Mexico, 0.5% Guatemala, 0.3% Cuba, 0.2% Colombia , 0.2% Spanish, 0.2% Salvador, 0.1% Peru, 0.1% Ecuador, 0.1% Panamanian, 0.1% Costa Rican, 0.1% Honduras). Non-Hispanic whites were 36.7% of the population in 2010, down from 84.1% in 1970.

Earnings

The data comes from the US Population Survey 5 Year 2009-2013.

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Economy

The top five Springfield industries (in order, by number of workers) are: Trade and Transportation; Education and Health Services; Manufacture; Tourism and Hospitality; and Government. Springfield is considered to have a "mature economy," which protects the city to levels during the recession and inhibits it during bubbles. Springfield is considered to have one of the leading multicultural markets in America - the city features 33% of Latin population with purchasing power that increased by more than 295% from 1990 to 2006. Over 60% of Hispanic Springfielders have arrived for the last 20 years. year.

With 25 universities and colleges within a 15 mile (24 km) radius of Springfield, including some of America's most prestigious universities and liberal arts colleges, and more than six institutions within the city itself, the Hartford-Springfield metropolitan area has been dubbed the Knowledge Corridor regional educators, civil authorities, and entrepreneurs - touting 32 liberal arts colleges and universities, many highly regarded hospitals, and nearly 120,000 students. Universities and colleges Knowledge Corridor provides a region with an educated workforce, which generates annual GDP of over $ 100 billion - more than at least 16 US States. Hartford-Springfield has been home to a number of biotechnology companies and high-speed computing centers. In 2009, Springfield ranks 24th as the most important high-tech center in the United States with about 14,000 high-tech jobs.

In 2010, the average household income was $ 35,236. The average income for the family is $ 51,110. Income per capita is $ 16,863. Approximately 21.3% of families and 26.8% of the population are below the poverty line, including 40.0% of those under the age of 18 and 17.5% of those aged 65 and older.

Business center

The city of Springfield is the economic center of Western Massachusetts. It features the largest concentrations of Pioneer Valley, manufacturing, entertainment, banking, law, and medical groups. Springfield is home to the largest Commonwealth of Fortune 100 companies, MassMutual Financial Group. It is also home to the world's largest gun manufacturer, Smith & amp; Wesson, founded in 1852. It is home to Merriam Webster, America's first and most read-only English dictionary, founded in 1806. It also serves as the headquarters of the American Hockey League, the NHL minor league, Peter Pan Bus, and Big Y Supermarket, among other businesses.

Springfield is also home to the third largest corporation in the Commonwealth, Baystate Health, with more than 10,000 employees. Baystate is the western campus of Tufts University School of Medicine. Baystate Health is in the midst of an additional $ 300 million - dubbed "The Hospital of the Future", this is New England's largest construction project. In addition to Baystate, Springfield has two other nationally rated hospitals; Mercy Medical, run by The Sisters of Providence, and Shriners Hospital for Children.

Company headquartered in Springfield

• American Hockey League - major development league for NHL.
• Baystate HealthÃ, - The largest healthcare company and provider in Western Massachusetts; 3 largest corporations in Massachusetts, build $ 300 million "Future Hospital."
• Big Y - a regional supermarket chain established near Chicopee, but now headquartered in Springfield. Big Y operates more than 50 supermarkets throughout Massachusetts and Connecticut.
• Breck ShampooÃ, - Founded in Springfield in 1936.
• Athletic Fenton Supplies - A sporting goods manufacturer founded in 1924.
• Hampden BankÃ, - Founded in Springfield in 1852. Headquartered in Springfield.
• New England Health
• Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company - Founded in 1851. MassMutual is the second largest Fortune 100 company based in Massachusetts (2010 list). The corporate headquarters are on State Street.
• Merriam-Webster - Publisher of the original Webster Dictionary
• NuVo BankÃ, - Established in 2008. Headquartered in Springfield.
• Peter Pan Bus Lines - Headquartered in Metro Center, Peter Pan moves the Springfield terminal and operates to Union Station when renovations are completed by 2017.
• Smith & amp; WessonÃ, - Established in 1852, Smith & amp; Wesson is the largest gun manufacturer in America. The company maintains its corporate headquarters on Roosevelt Avenue in East Springfield.

The previous company in Springfield

• Forbes & amp; Wallace - The regional department store, closed in 1974
• Friendly Ice Cream CorporationÃ, - Founded in Springfield, headquartered in Springfield suburb of Wilbraham, Massachusetts.
• Good Housekeeping MagazineÃ, - Founded in Springfield in 1885.
• Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company - The first bicycle brand in America, founded by George M. Hendee and C. Oscar HedstrÃÆ'¶m in Springfield in 1901
• Milton Bradley CompanyÃ, - an American gaming company founded in 1860. Headquartered in Springfield until relocation to the suburbs of East Longmeadow, Massachusetts.
• M-1 rifle - production started in 1919
• Monarch Insurance - bankrupt while building the tallest skyscraper in Springfield, Monarch Place.
• Rolls-RoyceÃ, - Rolls-Royce of America Inc. formed in 1919 to meet the emerging US luxury car market. A factory was established at Hendee Street in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the former 'American Wire Wheel Company' building. Over the years, 1,200 factory employees produced 1,703 Silver Ghosts and 1,241 Phantom, with the first Silver Ghost chassis completed in 1921. The stock market crash of 1929 led to the closure of the factory in 1931. Springfield was the only place outside the UK where the Rolls -Royce luxury car ever built.
• Sheraton Hotels and ResortsÃ, - was founded in Springfield in 1937 with the purchase of The Stonehaven Hotel, and then the famous Hotel Kimball.
• Springfield ArmoryÃ, - Founded by George Washington in 1777; closed by the Pentagon in 1968.

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Art and culture

Amusement and exhibition park

Within two miles (3 km) of Springfield is New England's largest and most popular theme park, Six Flags New England, and the largest and most popular exhibit, The Big E. Six Flags New England, is located in Springfield's South End Bridge in Agawam. Superman the Ride, the roller coaster who ranked first or second annually since 2001 in the annual Golden Ticket Awards publication by Amusement Today . Six Flags New England is also equipped with a large water park, rides for children, and an outdoor concert stadium, among many other attractions. It opened in mid-April and closed in late October.

Springfield is home to five different museums in the Quadrangle, along with the ornate Springfield Public Library - a significant architectural example of the City Beautiful movement. Four different collections of Quadrangle include the first American-made planetarium, designed and built (1937) by Frank Korkosz; Dr Seuss National Memorial Statue Park; the largest Chinese cloisonne collection outside of China; and the original casting of the most famous statue of Augustus Saint Gaudens, Puritan .

The Quadrangle Five Museum is the Museum of Fine Arts, which features a large Impressionist collection; George Walter Vincent Smith Art Museum, a collection of Asian curiosities; Springfield Science Museum, featuring Tyrannosaurus Rex, and aquarium, and the first planetarium in the United States; The Connecticut Valley Historical Museum, which, according to visitors, is closely linked to American History; and the Springfield History Museum, a multi-faceted city museum.

The Orchard Indian neighborhood in Springfield is home to the Titanic Historical Society Museum RMS Titanic. Unlike the old city museum in Springfield, the setting for the Titanic Museum in Indian Orchard looks like a 1950s suburb. Inside 208 Main Street displayed a collection of rare artifacts that tell the story of the unfortunate passengers and crew.

Music

Classic music fans hold a progressive Springfield Symphony Orchestra at a high price. The Springfield Symphony Orchestra performed at Springfield Symphony Hall, a place known for its ornaments, the Greek Revival architecture and "perfect acoustics." The SSO conductor is Kevin Rhodes.

Renowned musicians from Springfield include the legendary blend of the Taj Mahal; Staind's band and frontman Aaron Lewis; Linda Perry, former lead singer of 4 Non Blondes and now a renowned songwriter and producer; The younger sister of Taj Mahal, Carole Fredericks, a very popular soul singer in France; many jazz musicians, including Joe Morello, drummer for Dave Brubeck Quartet; Phil Woods, a saxophonist for Quincy Jones; Tony MacAlpine, keyboardist and guitarist with Steve Vai; and Paul Weston, composer to Frank Sinatra, among many others.

In 2011, Springfield's music scene is eclectic. It featured the famous heavy rock scene, from which bands Gaiah, Staind, All That Remains, Shadows Fall, and The Acacia Strain rose to national fame. Jazz and blues rival rock in popularity. Every summer, Springfield-headquartered Hampden Bank sponsors the annual Hoops City Jazz & amp; The Arts Festival, a three-day event that draws about 30,000 people to the Metro Center to hear a variety of different jazz music - from fine jazz, to hard bop, to New Orleans-style jazz. Headliners include Springfield, Taj Mahal, White Band, and Poncho Sanchez.

Fifteen miles north in the college towns of Northampton and Amherst, there are independent and independent alternative rock scenes. Many of these bands perform regularly in Springfield's Club Quarter, in places like Fat Cats Bar & amp; Grille, Theodore's and the restored Paramount Theater. At Club Quarter, based in Stearns Square, nightly deals include blues, rock college, jazz, indie, hip-hop, jam band, Latin, hard rock, pop, metal, karaoke, piano bar and DJ.

Every Thursday during the summer, a free concert held at Stearns Square coincides with Bike Night, an event that generally attracts thousands of motorcyclists to the Quarter and thousands of spectators to listen to live music.

Greater rock and hip-hop music plays at the 7,000-seat MassMutual Center. Arena has hosted artists such as Marilyn Manson, Alice Cooper, Nirvana, David Bowie, David Lee Roth, Poison, Pearl Jam, and Bob Dylan.

Nightlife

Springfield's Club Quarter is the nightlife capital of Pioneer Valley and Knowledge Corridor, featuring about 60 dance clubs, bars, music venues, LGBT venues and post-business places. In general, most clubs, bars, music venues and other nightspots are located on or near Worthington Street, in and around Stearns Square, or on Chestnut Street.

In addition to Springfield's historic connection with basketball, the city has a rich sporting history. Volleyball was found in nearby Holyoke town, and the first exhibition game was held in 1896 at the YMCA International Training School, now known as Springfield College.

Ice Hockey has been played professionally in Springfield since the 1920s, and Springfield is home to the American Hockey League league headquarters. Indian Springfield from the American Hockey League (now located in Utica, New York) is the oldest existing minority hockey franchise available. In 1994 the team moved to Worcester and was replaced by Falcons Springfield, who played at the MassMutual Center. The Falcons were later replaced by Springfield Thunderbirds in 2016. For part of two seasons (1978-80) NHL Hartford Whalers played in Springfield while their arena was undergoing improvements after the roof collapsed. At amateur level, Olympic Junior A Springfield played for many years in Olympia, while Yellow Jacket American International College competed in NCAA Division I hockey.

Basketball remains a popular sport in the Springfield sports landscape. Prior to the 2014-15 season, Springfield was home to Springfield Armor of the NBA Development League, which began playing in 2009 at the MassMutual Center. Beginning in the 2011-12 season, Armor is the exclusive affiliate of Brooklyn Nets. Over the years, the Classic Tip-Off Hall of Fame has been a semi-official start to the college basketball season, and the NCAA Division II championships are usually held in Springfield. The Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Conference will play its championships in Springfield from 2012 to 2014. Blizzard New England from ABL played its inaugural match in Springfield, and several pro teams of men and women have called home towns, including Springfield's Anger from the US Basketball League league in 1985) and Springfield Hall of Famers from the Eastern Professional Basketball League.

Springfield had professional baseball in the past, and according to the current mayor, still intends to pursue it in the future. The Springfield Giants of the Single and the Double-A Eastern League were played between 1957 and 1965. The team was quite successful, winning consecutive championships in 1959, 1960 and 1961, with a surprising coincidence the same season in which Springfield Indians won three straight Calder Cup Championships in hockey. The Giants played at Pynchon Park by the Connecticut River until relocation after the 1965 season. Pangkor Pynchon Park was destroyed by fire a year after in 1966. Prior to that time, the Springfield Cubs played in the New England League minor league from 1946 to 1949, after which the league was folded ; they then played in the International League until 1953. For many years before the Giants, Springfield also became a member of the Eastern League, between 1893 and 1943. In general, the team was named Ponies, but also brought the nickname "Maroons" (1895), "Green Sox "(1917)," Hampdens "(1920-21)," Rifles (1932, 1942-43) and "Nationals" (1939-41) The closest team is the Sox Blue Valley of the New England Collegiate Baseball League play their match near Holyoke, but build their team's office at 100 Congress Street in Springfield.

Springfield has an official derby roller team: Pair O Dice City Roller Derby. They are a nonprofit organization that uses their roller derby game as a fundraiser for groups like Dakin Animal Shelter and Shriners.

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Architecture

In addition to its nickname of First City , Springfield is known as the Town House for its fascinating architecture, which sets it apart from the most middle-sized cities of North American North America. Most of Springfield's stock housing consists of Victorian "Painted Ladies" (similar to those found in San Francisco;) however, Springfield also has Gilded Age-style homes, urban condo buildings, brick apartment blocks, and post-World War II architecture in suburban (in the neighborhood of Sixteen Acres and Pine Point). While Springfield's architecture is fascinating, many of its built environments date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the city experienced a period of "intense and concentrated prosperity" - today, Victorian-style architecture can be found in various rehabilitated and damaged states. In 2011, Springfield housing prices were much lower than those in New England that lacked a complicated architecture.

At the Metro Center, several hotels, factories and other institutions in Springfield have been converted into luxury apartment buildings and condominiums. For example, the elaborate Springfield High School (235 State Street), with its magnificent atrium - where Dr. Seuss, Timothy Leary, and Taj Mahal all went to high school - now a luxury condo building. The Kimball Hotel (140 Chestnut Street), which hosted several US Presidents as guests and once featured the first commercial radio station in the United States (WBZ), was converted into The Kimball Towers Condominiums. Former McIntosh Shoe Company (158 Chestnut Street), one of Springfield's best examples from the Chicago School of Architecture, has been transformed into an industrial-style condominium; and red brick, former Milton Bradley toy factory is now Stockbridge Court Apartments (45 Willow Street). In the Ridgewood Historic District, the 1950s Mulberry House (101 Mulberry Street), now a condo building featuring some of Springfield's finest sights.

Forest Park (and Forest Park Heights), which surrounds the gorgeous Frederick Law Olmsted's 735 acre (297.4 hectare) Forest Park, is a New England Garden District with more than 600 Victorian Glittering Ladies. The McKnight National Historic District, the first planned residential area in America, (1881), features more than 900 Victorian Glittering Ladies, many of whom have been rehabilitated by the growing LGBT community in Springfield. The Old Hill, Upper Hill, and Bay neighborhoods also have this type of architecture.

Maple High, which is architecturally (and geographically) different from, but often included with the economically depressed Six Corners environment, was the first "Gold Coast" in Springfield. Many luxury homes from the early 19th century and then golden age stood on the cliffs at Maple Street, overlooking the Connecticut River. The Ridgewood Historic District of Ridgewood and Mulberry Streets also feature historic mansions from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Springfield - like many Middle Eastern cities, for example, Hartford, Albany, and New Haven - from the 1950s-1970s, undermined a large number of historic commercial buildings in the name of urban renewal. In 1961, this included the Unity Church, the first building designed by young Henry Hobson Richardson. Springfield Metro Center remains more aesthetically condensed than many of its peer cities; however, as elsewhere, the city currently has patchy parking spaces and magnificent old buildings. Efforts are currently underway to improve the cohesion of Springfield's Metro Center, including completing Roadwork and Road Corridor improvement projects, an upcoming $ 70 million renovation to Springfield's 1926 Union Station and the renovation of Epiphany Tower on State Street into a new hotel. New construction includes award-winning architecture, $ 57 million Moshe Safdie Building designed on State Street.

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Garden

Springfield employs a powerful mayor from the city government. The mayor of Springfield is Domenic J. Sarno, who has served since 2008.

The municipal bureaucracy consists of 33 departments, which manage a variety of municipal services, eg police, fire, public works, parks, public health, housing, economic development, and Springfield Public School System, New England's second-largest public school system.

Springfield's legislative body is the Council of the City, which features a mix of eight ward representatives - although the city has more than doubled the number of neighborhoods, resulting in some inconsistent "environments" - and five major city representatives, some of which have served for more than a decade.

Springfield Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city and has the distinction of being one of the oldest fire departments in the United States.

Financial

In 2003, the City of Springfield was on the verge of financial default, and was thus taken over by the Commonwealth Designated Supervisory Board until 2009. Dissolved in June of that year, the Control Board made a major step to stabilizing Springfield's finances. Although Springfield has reached a balanced budget since 2009, the city has not yet expanded its tax base, and so many public works projects - which have been on the pipeline for years, even decades - are still unfinished (eg, repairs to the Landmark Springfield landmarks.). Springfield is being considered for a $ 800 million development project; MGM Springfield. For many people this is an impressive achievement given the natural disasters and the continuous severance of the state aides during the Great Recession.

Construction for MGM Springfield is currently underway. It is expected to be completed and operational in the fall of 2018.

Departure from the work of the Control Board, the city's finances remain stable under Mayor Domenic J. Sarno (2008-present) despite the Great Recession and some natural and human disasters: June 1, 2011, Springfield Tornado tornado, Hurricane Irene, October strange snow storm in some ways more damaging than tornadoes), and large gas explosions in downtown areas in 2012. The city has recovered, but received an increase in bonds from Standard and Poor Investment Services and GFOA Separate Reward Awards for six consecutive years.

Justice system

Like every other municipality in Massachusetts, Springfield does not have its own judicial branch. Instead, he uses a state court in Springfield, which includes the Springfield district court and the Hampden County High Court, both of which are based in Springfield. The Federal District Court also regularly hears cases in Springfield - now in architectural award-winning buildings on State Street, built in 2009.

Politics

Springfield became a city on May 25, 1852, with a Massachusetts Legislative decrees, after a decade-long internal strife that resulted in the Chicopee partition of Springfield, and thus lost 2/5 of the city's inhabitants.

Springfield, like all municipalities in Massachusetts, enjoys limited house rules. The current city charter, effective since 1959, employs a "powerful mayor" government with most of the power concentrated in mayors, such as in Boston and elsewhere. The mayor representing the city's executive branch presents the budget, appoints commissioners and department heads, and generally runs the city. The mayor is former City Councilor Domenic Sarno, elected Nov. 6, 2007, with a 52.54% margin to 47.18% against incumbent Charles Ryan. He took office in January 2008. In November 2009 and 2011, Sarno won re-election, though - in the latter case - with only 22% of eligible Springfield voter voters.

Springfield City Council, consisting of thirteen members, is the city's legislative branch. Selected each year with odd numbers, eight members were chosen to represent "wards," made of (sometimes inappropriate) groups from the Springfield neighborhood, for example the North End neighborhood of Springfield - Memorial Square and Brightwood - shared wards with Metro Center, downtown Springfield. Five members of city council elected in general. City Council passes city budget, holds hearings, creates departments and commissions, and changes zoning laws.

The mayor's office and the city council room are located in the town hall - part of the City Group in Metro Center, Springfield. The Financial Control Board also meets there.

Switch to environmental representation

In the past, efforts have been made to provide each of the eight city seats in the city council, not the current great format. There are still some big under seats in this format. The main argument for this is that City Councilors live in only four of the city wards. Initiatives to change the composition failed to pass the City Council twice. In 2007, Mayor Charles V. Ryan and City Council Jose Tosado proposed an amendment to a house rule that would expand the council to thirteen members adding four seats to the nine members existing in the large system, but allocated between eight wards and five in the large seats. This house government petition was adopted by the City Council 8-1, and then ratified by the Senate and the House of State and signed by the Governor. On election day, November 6, 2007, city residents voted strongly in favor of the change of the City Council and the School Committee. The voting initiative that formed a new board with five big seats and eight ward seats qualified 3-1. On November 3, 2009, Springfield held his first ward election in 50 years.

Crime

During the late 1990s and first decades of the 21st century, Springfield experienced a wave of violent crime that negatively impacted the city's reputation, both regionally and nationally. At one point

Source of the article : Wikipedia