George Thomas Shires (November 22, 1925 - October 18, 2007) was an American trauma surgeon. He is known for his research on shock, which initiated the current practice of providing saline to trauma and surgical patients. He operated John Connally and Lee Harvey Oswald after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Video Tom Shires
Biography
Born in Waco, Texas Shires grew up in Dallas. He graduated from Woodrow Wilson College (Dallas, Texas) in 1942 and subsequently earned a B.S. degree from the University of Texas (1944), and a M.D. from Southwestern Medical School, a school opened five years earlier and now called the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School (1948).
During his time as a scholar in Texas, Shires was initiated into the Pi Aqua Brotherhood Alpha.
She married Robbie Jo Shires (Martin); the couple had a son and two daughters. Shires died of gastrointestinal cancer in Henderson, Nevada in 2007.
Maps Tom Shires
Careers
Shires underwent residency at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas. He worked at the US Naval Medical Research Institute in Bethesda (1949-1950) and as a US Navy surgeon on the hospital ship USS Haven (1953-55). In 1957, he joined the faculty of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, became chief of operations in 1961. While in Dallas, he worked with the Dallas Fire Department to start one of the earliest paramedical systems in the country.
In 1974, he briefly served as a surgical chair at the University of Washington in Seattle. Shire then became chief of operations at Cornell University Medical College in New York in 1975, where he also served as dean and rector of medicine (1987-91). At Cornell, he was instrumental in building a trauma center and, in 1976, a burn center. Now part of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, the burn center has become an internationally recognized facility that is one of the busiest in the US, caring for a thousand patients annually. He is also involved in the reorganization of New York's emergency services.
From 1991 to 1995, Shires led the surgical department at Texas Tech University Medical Center in Lubbock. He later served as director of the Trauma Institute at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, a post he held until his death.
Killing John F. Kennedy
After President John F. Kennedy was shot in 1963, he was taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where Shire then became chief of operations, and it was Shires who issued a statement that the president had died upon arrival at the hospital. Shires successfully operated on John Connally, Governor of Texas, who was also wounded in the murder. He then also operated unsuccessfully on gunman Lee Harvey Oswald after he was shot by Jack Ruby.
Research and writing
The Shire research in the 1960s on the physiology of shock shows that, contrary to the practice of time, surgical patients and patients with trauma require intravenous saline solution. According to Philip Barie (head of critical care and trauma at Cornell), the discovery "alters the practice of medicine" and is responsible for current medical practice.
Other research areas include treatment of burns; management of severe exfoliation, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome; bleeding physiology; response to endotoxin; and epidemiology of suicide.
He co-authored several books on operations and trauma, including the famous Principles of Surgery textbook, first published in 1969 and currently in its seventh edition.
Awards and honor
In 1985, Shires was ranked the top academic surgeon in the United States by Claude Organ, then President of the American College of Surgeons. He was among the first to receive the MERIT award (Method for Extending Research in Time) from the NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences in 1986, for his work on salt solutions in shock.
Awards include Surgeon Award for Services for Safety (1984), Curtis P. Artz Memorial Award from American Trauma Society (1984), Dr. Rodman E. Sheen and Thomas G. Sheen Award (1985), Harvey Stuart Allen Distinguished Service Award from American Burn Association (1988) and Robert Danis Prize of the International Surgical Society (1993).
He served as president of the American Surgical Association (1979-80), American College of Surgeons (1981-82), US chapters of the International Surgical Society (1984-85) and James IV Association of Surgeons (1987-91). Shires is the editor-in-chief of the American College of Surgeons Journal (1982-92) and editor of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics (1982-94). She also serves on the editorial boards of many medical and surgical journals, including Annual of Surgery, Annual Medical Overview, Surgical Archives, American Journal of Surgery , Journal of Clinical Surgery and Trauma Journal .
Shires was inducted into the Woodrow Wilson High School Hall of Fame in 1989 when it was made as part of the 60th anniversary celebrations of the school.
Preferred publication
Books
- Shires GT, Carrico CJ, Canizaro PC. Shock ( Main Issues in Clinical Surgery , Vol 13) (Saunders, 1973) (ISBN: 0721682502)
- Shires GT, ed. Shocks and Related Problems (Churchill Livingstone; 1984) (ISBN: 0443029016)
- Shires GT. Trauma Care Principle , 3rd edn (McGraw-Hill; 1984) (ISBNÃ, 0070569177)
- Davis JM, Shires GT, eds. Defense Host in Trauma and Surgery (Raven Press; 1986) (ISBN: 0881672343)
- Shires GT, ed. Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid Bases (Churchill Livingstone; 1988) (ISBNÃ, 0443085854)
- Davis JM, Shires GT, eds. Principles and Management of Infectious Surgery (Lippincott, 1991) (ISBN: 0397507356)
- Barie PS, Shires GT, eds. Intensive Care Surgery (Little, Brown; 1993) (ISBN: 0316080837)
- Schwartz SI, Spencer FC, Galloway AC, Shires TG, Daly JM, Fischer JE. Principles of Surgery , edn 7 (McGraw-Hill; 1999) (ISBNÃ, 0070542562)
Research articles
- Shires T, Jackson DE. (1962) Tolerance of postoperative salt. Arch Surg 84: 703-706 (PMIDÃ, 13912108)
- Shires GT, Cunningham JN, Backer CR et al. . (1972) Changes in cell membrane function during hemorrhagic shock in primates. Ann Surg 176: 288-295 (PMIDÃ, 4627396) (full text)
- Hefton JM, Madden MR, Finkelstein JL, Shires GT. (1983) Transplant burn patient with allografts of cultured epidermal cells. Lancet 2 (8347): 428-430 (PMID 6135914)
- Halebian PH, Corder VJ, Madden MR et al. . (1986) Increased survival of patient burn centers with managed toxic epidermal necrolysis without corticosteroids. Ann Surg 204: 503-512 (PMID 3767483) (full text)
- Fong YM, Marano MA, Barber A et al. . (1989) Total parenteral nutrition and intestinal rest modify the metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. Ann Surg 210: 449-456 (PMIDÃ, 2508583) (full text)
- Fong YM, Marano MA, Moldawer LL et al. . (1990) Metabolic response of acute splanchnic and peripheral tissue to endotoxin in humans. J Clin Invest 85: 1896-1904 (PMID 2347917) (full text)
References
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