Brixham is a small fishing town and civilian parish in the Torbay district of Devon, in southwest England. Brixham is at the southern end of Torbay, across the bay (Tor Bay) from Torquay, and fishing and tourism are the main industries. At the time of the 2011 census it had a population of 16,693.
It is thought that the name 'Brixham' comes from the village of Brioc. 'Brioc' is an old English or Brythonic name and '-ham' is an ancient term for a house derived from Old English.
The city is hilly and built around a port that is still used as a dock for fishing trawlers. It has a focal tourist attraction on the replica of the Sir Francis Drake Golden Hind ship which is permanently moored there.
Historically, Brixham are two separate communities with only a marshy path to connect them. Cowtown is a hilltop area where farmers live, while a mile away in the harbor is Fishtown where sailors live. Cowtown, St Mary's Square area, is on the road leaving Brixham to the southwest, towards Kingswear, where a church stand is built on the original site of Saxon. The city holds annual pirate events that compete for the most pirate titles in one place and this draws visitors from far and wide.
Video Brixham
History
Although there is evidence of the inhabitants of the ice age here, and the possibility of trading in the Bronze Age, the first proof of a city dates from the Saxon era. It is possible that the Saxon settlement came from the sea from Hampshire in the 6th century, or about 800 years of land.
Brixham is called Briseham in the Domesday Book. The population then is 39.
Brixham is part of the former Haytor Hundred. Its population was 3,671 in 1801 and 8,092 in 1901. In 1334, the city's value was valued at one pound, twelve shillings and eighty; in 1524, valuations increased to  £ 24 and sixteen shillings. It was recorded as a borough of 1536, and the market was recorded from 1822. William de Whithurst, a crown prince and judge in Ireland, became the parish priest of Brixham in 1350.
William Prince of Orange (later King William III of England & Ireland) landed at Brixham, with his mostly Dutch troops, on 5 November 1688 during the Great Revolution, and issued his famous declaration "The Liberties of England and The Religion Protestant I Will Defend ". A road that leads from the harbor to the steep hill, to where the Dutch make their camp, still called Overgang , Dutch for 'journey' or 'crossing'.
The coffin reflects Brixham's humor: it looks like a coffin and when a father is asked to marry his daughter, he says he'll 'see it in the coffin, before he gets married'. The future son-in-law bought the coffin property, named it the Coffin, and returned to the father and said: 'Your wish will be fulfilled, you will see your daughter in the coffin, The House of the Coffin'. Amazed by this, the father gives his blessing.
The street name reflects the history of the city. Pump Street is where the village pump stands. Monksbridge is a bridge built by the monks of the Totnes Priory. Lichfield Drive is a dead route (from Old English 'Lich' meaning corpse) taken to be buried in the churchyard of St. Mary. The honor of Mews, near the church, came from when the British were Catholic, and the opening greeting was to the Virgin Mary. Similarly, Laywell Road reminds Our Lady's Well. The first building visible when it comes to Brixham from Paignton is the old Toll House, where all travelers have to pay a fee to repair the road.
Tower of All Saints' Church, founded in 1815, vigil over the city. Composer Abide With Me , Pdt. Francis Lyte was a vicar in the church. She lives in Berry Head House, now a hotel, and when she is a very sick man, almost dying, she looks out of the garden as dusk falls over Torbay, and the words of the hymn popped into her mind.
The main church is St. Mary's, about a mile from the ocean. This is the third on the site (which is an ancient Celtic burial ground). The original wooden Saxon church was replaced by the Norman stone church which in turn was built around 1360. Many important townspeople were buried in the church yard.
Many of Brixham's photogenic huts are over the port that was originally inhabited by fishermen and their families. Near the harbor is the famous Coffin House mentioned earlier. Many residences in the direction of the High Brixham were built mostly between the 1930s and the 1970s. Several holiday camps were built in this area, such as Pontin's Wall Park and Dolphin. Dolphin is one of the company's largest camps. The camp closed in 1991 after a fire destroyed the main entertainment building.
Brixham is served by a short Torbay and Brixham Railway from Churston. The line opened in February 1868 to transport passengers and freight (mainly fish), closed in May 1963 as a result of the Beeching Ax cuts. Although the former lane to Brixham is deserted and bushy, the branch line through nearby Churston is now maintained and operated as a legacy railway by volunteer teams such as Paignton Railway and Dartmouth Steam.
The Children's House The English sailor was founded in 1863 by William Gibbs of Tyntesfield for the orphans of the dead British sailors. It was closed in 1988 after 125 years.
On April 28, 1967, a flying saucer reportedly drifted for 80 minutes over Brixham at an altitude of 15,000 feet.
Maritime
Brixham is also famous for being the city where fishing trawlers were upgraded in the 19th century; the typical red screen of the Brixham seine trawler is lined with local red ocher for protection.
In the Middle Ages, Brixham was the largest fishing port in southwest England. Known as the 'Sea of ​​Inland Fisheries', its ships helped establish the Hull, Grimsby and Lowestoft fisheries industries. In the 1890s, there were about 300 trawlers in Brixham, the most owned by individuals. The trawlers are still visible in and out of the harbor, followed by gulls of seagulls. The fish market is open to the public on two special days in the summer, when the key points of catching and cooking fish are explained. Modern boats are driven by diesel, but some old fishing boats have been preserved.
Hundreds of ships have been damaged in the rocks around the city. The people of Brixham always knew the dangers but even they were shocked by a violent storm that exploded on the night of January 10, 1866. The fishing boats sailed only later and could not return to the harbor because of strong winds and high waves against them. To make matters worse, the flare at the breakwater was washed away, and in the black darkness they could not determine their position. According to local legend, their wives brought everything they could carry, including furniture and bedding, to make a big bonfire on the dock to guide their men home. Fifty ships were destroyed and more than a hundred lives were lost in the storm; when dawn broke, debris stretched nearly three miles on the shore.
Hearing this tragedy, the citizens of Exeter gave money to organize what became the Lifeboat of the Brixham Institutional National Lifeboat Institution in 1866. Now known as Torbay Lifeboat Station, it operates Severn heavy lifeboats and sea lifeboats. -class (IB1). The crew has a history of courage, with 52 awards for valor. Boathouse can be visited and warnings for brave acts are seen; on special occasions, visitors can take a boat. Two maroon (bangs) is a signal for the lifeboat to be launched.
Smuggling is more profitable than fishing, but if people are caught, they are hanged. There are many legends about local gangs and how they avoid men's income. One of the funny poems describes how the famous local character, Bob Elliott ("Bob Awakening"), can not escape because he has gout and hides in coffins. Another criminal is caught in possession but avoids capture by pretending to be a Devil, up from the morning fog. On another occasion when there was a cholera epidemic, some Brixham smugglers drove their cargo from the beach in a hearse, accompanied by a group of suspected mourners following a procession pulled by a horse with muffled nails.
The outer harbor is protected by long wave breakers, useful for sea fishing. In winter, this is the site for purple sandpiper birds.
South of Brixham, and taking shelter on the southern side of the harbor, stretches the coastal belt of Berry Head with its lighthouse, the Iron Age fortress, and a national reserve.
Military
Warships have been seen in Torbay since the Viking days, until 1944 when part of the D-Day fleet sailed from here. In 1588, Brixham watched Sir Francis Drake attack the Spanish Fleet after he (so the legend went) finished his bowl game at Plymouth Hoe. Today in Brixham harbor, there is a full-sized ship replica, Golden Hind , where Drake circumnavigates the world; visitors can ride.
For centuries, ships headed for the English Channel came to Torbay to seek refuge from the storm and to replenish the food supply. Sometimes they are merchants, carry things far away and bring back exotic items and rare spices; sometimes they bring pilgrims, or men on the Grand Tour.
Since the time of Henry VIII, Brixham has played a part in the nation's defense. The cape known as Berry Head is now a national nature reserve, but it is also a military place where weapons were once positioned to keep the naval vessels winning again at Brixham. Twelve weapons were laid there during the American War of Independence, but were removed when peace came in 1783. Only ten years later, during the war with France, more weapons were deployed around the city. The main position is in Berry Head, but this time the defense is built to maintain the position of the weapon. This can still be seen, and now some of Napoleon's most preserved fortresses in the country.
During a long war series against France that began in 1689 and lasted until 1815, the Royal Navy came to Brixham to get supplies of fresh vegetables, beef, and water. There may be about twenty or more of the big man-o-war lying in anchor at Torbay, recovering from the kind of exploitation described in books about Hornblower, Bolitho or Jack Aubrey. On the edge of the harbor to the marina, there is a gray stone building which is currently the headquarters of the Coastguard; later, it was King's Quay where Your Majesty's vessels were established. Local farmers bring vegetables to repel scurvy, and cattle are slaughtered and their meat packed into vats. Water comes from a large reservoir located near a crossroads in the middle of town; from there, the pipeline took him under the road and under the harbor to King's Quay.
Many famous admirals that day visited Brixham. Not only Nelson, but also Lord St. Vincent, Cornwallis, Hood, Rodney, and Hawke. There is also Earl Howe, who was nicknamed Lord Torbay because he spent so much time on the beach at Brixham. A well-known visitor is Napoleon Bonaparte, who, as a prisoner at HMS Bellerophon, spends several days of Brixham waiting to be taken into exile in St. Louis. Helena.
Battery Gardens has a military history that leads back to the Napoleonic wars and during the Spanish Fleet. The emplacements and features seen here today are those of the Second World War and the national interest. This site, registered by English Heritage, is recognized as one of the best preserved of its kind in the UK. Of the 116 'Emergency Coastal Defense Batteries' established in England in 1940, only seven are intact.
During the Second World War, a hill and a pier was built on a breakwater, from which American soldiers went for a D-day landing.
1969 Fleet Review held in Torbay, to present the new Sovereign Color to the Royal Navy. When the Armada lights up at night, "The Bay gives the impression that it has been filled with a totally new city: stunning scenery!"
Noted military historian & amp; Chester Giles is a former resident of Brixham.
Industrial
In addition to fishing, most of the other local industries are connected with rocks. Limestone was once dug and used to build breakwaters, for homes and roads, and sent to Dagenham to make steel for Ford cars. It was also burned in limekilns to reduce it to a powder spread on the ground in another part of Devon as agricultural fertilizer. Old mining and limekiln can still be seen.
Other minerals found in Brixham are ocher. It gives their old "Red Sails in the Sunset" boats, but the goal is to protect the canvas from seawater. It is boiled in a large cauldron, along with tar, oak and bark. This last material gives its name to the loosening place which is the place where the hot mixture is depicted onto the screen, which is then hanged to dry. Oker it is also used to make paint. It was discovered in Brixham around 1845, and is the first substance in the world that will stop cast iron from rusting. Other paint types are made here as well, and his works were there until 1961.
There is an iron mine in Brixham, and for a while they produce high quality ore but the latter closed in 1925. Most of the sites have been built on and now there are some remnants of this very important industry except the remnants of the Sharkham Point Iron Mine.
Maps Brixham
Festivals and events
Brixham plays host to a number of festivals and events throughout the calendar year. These events are run entirely by the locals and contribute significantly to the local economy.
BrixFest
BrixFest is a relatively new annual family friendly festival in Brixham. By 2018, it will run from May 26 to 30. The festival takes over from the now-defunct Brixham Heritage Festival in 2010 and recently established itself as one of Brixham's core annual events.
Brixham Pirate Festival
The Brixham Pirate Festival (5 - 7 May 2018), more officially called 'The International Brixham Pirate Festival', is known for its world record effort, live music, free entertainment and to fill Brixham with pirates. This is an annual event that takes place during Mayday Bank Holiday.
RNLI Lifeboat Week
Torbay has been served by Lifeboats since 1866 and Brixham has provided a base for lifeboats ever since. This station was awarded the Freedom of the Borough of Torbay in 1988. Torbay Lifeboat Station is based near Breakwater, and this became the center of a series of events planned by local volunteers and sponsors. Taking place in August, the event included 'Walk the Extra Mile' for Lifeboat crew and lucky draw, guided tour of All Weather Lifeboat, 'Brixham has Talent', with local school band on XRadio One Stage, and night only ' Beach'.
Fishstock Brixham
Fishstock Brixham is a one day, annual seafood and live music festival held to assist the Fishermen's Mission (RNMDSF). This is a licensed event, organized by volunteers and held in the new Fish Market Development on the harbor side. Usually this event is held on the second Saturday of September, but the date also varies for spring.
Doddstock
Doddstock is a semi-annual music festival held at Astley Park to commemorate local man, Julius Dodd.
Politics
On April 1, 2007, Brixham Town Council was founded after forty years since Brixham Urban Council disappeared. In its first meeting the council changed its name to Brixham Town Council in accordance with the 1972 Local Government Regulation and adopted the term chairman instead of Mayor to avoid confusion with Torbay's chosen Mayor. The Council's duties are the duty of a standard British civilian parish.
Brixham is included in the British parliamentary constituent Totnes whose parliamentarian is Sarah Wollaston (2010-)
Former British Prime Minister James Callaghan was educated partly at Furzeham Elementary School.
Education
Brixham has a number of schools, mostly located in residential centers.
The city has one high school, Brixham College.
Other schools and colleges in Brixham and the surrounding area include
- Eden School Primary School Academy
- Brixham Church of England Primary School
- Catholic Climateow Catholic Primary School
- Furzeham Elementary School
Sport
Brixham is home to Archer Brixham. This is the biggest archery club at bay and shooting outside on their field at Churston. Brixham Archers also uses the indoor facilities at Brixham. The Archery Club was formed in 1969 and has been successful in regional and national level competitions.
In 1874, Brixham Rugby Club was founded and became one of the founding members of Devon RFU whose six clubs are now left. They played Rugby at Furzeham Green until 1896 when they moved to their land now to New Gate Park (now Astley Park). The club will play their league fixtures in the 3 rd national league's English National League division.
Footballer Dan Gosling, from Bournemouth F.C., was born and raised in Brixham, and is the fourth youngest player ever to play for the 16-year-old Plymouth Argyle and 310 days.
Transport
The train station at Brixham is the terminal of Torbay and Brixham Railway. It served the city from the bay platform at Churston Station until the line closed in 1963. Some of the track beds remained in place. The houses at Harbor View Close are built at the station location. The Association of Railway Operations Companies includes Brixham as one of fourteen cities which, based on 2009 data, will benefit from the new rail service. This will be an extension of the First Great Western service on the Riviera Line from Exmouth as far as Churston, which will then act as a liaison for Brixham. It will also serve other housing developments in the area since the opening of the steam railway line, and may require doubling that path between Paignton and Goodrington Sands.
Although Brixham is no longer on the rail network, the 25-minute bus connects Brixham to the national rail network in Paignton, where the bus station is located opposite the train station. From Paignton CrossCountry, the train runs daily direct services to Manchester (via Bristol and Birmingham) and the Great Western Railway operates several services directly to London Paddington. Local services operate to Exmouth through Newton Abbot and Exeter.
Torbay's main bus route, the Stagecoach 12 service runs every 10 minutes and has a terminal at Brixham Town Square, with service returning to Newton Abbot via Paignton, Torquay and Kingskerswell. The service also calls at Brixham Park and the Ride site located on A3022 (Dartmouth Road). The flat rate parking fee includes a bus ride for car dwellers to Brixham and back..
The 18/18A Stagecoach service takes about 15 minutes to travel from Brixham (Bank Street) to Kingswear, where the river crossing to Dartmouth can be done by ferry.
Local city services operated by Stagecoach and Country Bus, serving Furzeham, Wall Park, Sharkham, South Bay, High Brixham, Summercombe and Hillhead. After the March 4, 175, and 18th service of Stagecoach in March 2015, Torbay Community Bus began running 17E and 18E services at night to change these routes.
There is a National Express coach service directly to London (via Bristol and Heathrow Airport) and also Yorkshire (via Bristol and Birmingham).
The frequent ferry service for foot passengers operates to Torquay between April and October, the fastest takes 35 minutes. There is also a seasonal ferry to Paignton. The pleasure voyage also summons Brixham en route from Torquay to Dartmouth during spring, summer, and autumn.
Brixham Caverns
- Brixham Cavern
- Brixham Cave, also called Windmill Hill Cavern
- Ash Hole Cavern
- Kents Cavern
- English Riviera Geopark
- The invention of human beauties
- Hugh Falconer
- William Pengelly
- The invention of human beauties: Acceptance of human relationships with extinct animal species
- 'Empirical Evidence for Antiquity of Mankind at Brixham Cave' - Claude Nelson Warren - 1998
- The Antiquity of Man by Sir Charles Lyell
- The Antiquity of Man by Sir Charles Lyell (gutenberg.org/ebooks)
- Seventy Years of Itching: The Controversy of Human Christianity by DJ Meltzer - 2005 - Anthropology Research Journal Volume 61, Number 4
References
External links
- Brixham in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Brixham Town Council
- Brixham Chamber of Commerce
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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